SAP C_ABAPD_2309 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Exam Practice Test

Database tables are data structures that store information in two dimensions, using rows and columns. Each row represents a record or an entity, and each column represents an attribute or a field. Database tables may have key fields, which are columns that uniquely identify each row or a subset of rows. Key fields can be used to enforce data integrity, perform efficient searches, and establish relationships to other tables. Database tables can have relationships to other tables, which are associations or links between the key fields of two or more tables. Relationships can be used to model the logical connections between different entities, join data from multiple tables, and enforce referential integrity12.

References: 1: Table (database) - Wikipedia 2: Database design basics - Microsoft Support

The function module ZF1 is in a software component with the language version set to “ABAP Cloud”. This means that it follows the ABAP Cloud Development Model, which requires the usage of public SAP APIs and extension points to access SAP functionality and data. These APIs and extension points are released by SAP and documented in the SAP API Business Hub1. Customer-created function modules are not part of the public SAP APIs and are not released for cloud development. Therefore, calling a function module directly from a class with the language version set to “Standard ABAP” is not allowed and will result in a syntax error. However, there is a possible way to call a function module indirectly from a class with the language version set to “Standard ABAP”:

• Create a wrapper class or interface for the function module and release it for cloud development. A wrapper is a class or interface that encapsulates the function module and exposes its functionality through public methods or attributes. The wrapper must be created in a software component with the language version set to “ABAP Cloud” and must be marked as released for cloud development using the annotation @EndUserText.label. The wrapper can then be called from a class with the language version set to “Standard ABAP” using the public methods or attributes2.

For example, the following code snippet shows how to create a wrapper class for the function module ZF1 and call it from the class zcl_demo_class:

@EndUserText.label: ‘Wrapper for ZF1’ CLASS zcl_wrapper_zf1 DEFINITION PUBLIC FINAL CREATE PUBLIC. PUBLIC SECTION. CLASS-METHODS: call_zf1 IMPORTING iv_a TYPE i iv_b TYPE i EXPORTING ev_result TYPE i. ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_wrapper_zf1 IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD call_zf1. CALL FUNCTION ‘ZF1’ EXPORTING a = iv_a b = iv_b IMPORTING result = ev_result. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_demo_class DEFINITION. METHODS: m1. ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_demo_class IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD m1. DATA(lv_result) = zcl_wrapper_zf1=>call_zf1( iv_a = 2 iv_b = 3 ). WRITE: / lv_result. ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS.

The output of this code is:

5

References: 1: SAP API Business Hub 2: Creating an ABAP Cloud Project | SAP Help Portal

A unique secondary key is a type of secondary key that ensures that the key combination of all the rows in a table is unique. A unique secondary key has two purposes: firstly, to speed up access to the table, and secondly, to enforce data integrity1.

• It is created with the first read access of a table: This is true. A unique secondary key is created when an internal table is filled for the first time using the statement READ TABLE or a similar statement. The system assigns a name and an index to each row of the table based on the key fields23.
• It is updated when the modified table is read again: This is false. A unique secondary key does not need to be updated when the internal table content changes, because it already ensures data uniqueness. The system uses a lazy update strategy for non-unique secondary keys, which means that it delays updating them until they are actually accessed23.

You cannot do any of the following:

• It is created when a table is filled: This is false. As explained above, a unique secondary key is created only with the first read access of a table23.
• It is updated when the modified table is read again: This is false. As explained above, a unique secondary key does not need to be updated when the internal table content changes23.

References: 1: Improving Internal Table Performance Using Secondary Keys - SAP Learning 2: [Secondary Key - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help] 3: [Secondary Table Key - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help]

When processing an internal table with the statement LOOP AT itab… ENDLOOP, the system variable that contains the current row number is sy-tabix. The sy-tabix variable is a predefined field of the system structure sy that holds the index or the row number of the current line in an internal table loop. The sy-tabix variable is initialized with the value 1 for the first loop pass and is incremented by 1 for each subsequent loop pass. The sy-tabix variable can be used to access or modify the current line of the internal table using the index access12.

References: 1: LOOP AT itab - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: System Fields - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help

To redefine a component of a superclass in a subclass, you need to do the following12:

• You add the clause REDEFINITION to the component declaration in the subclass. This indicates that the component is inherited from the superclass and needs to be reimplemented in the subclass. The redefinition must happen in the same visibility section as the component declaration in the superclass. For example, if the superclass has a public method m1, the subclass must also declare the redefined method m1 as public with the REDEFINITION clause.
• You implement the redefined component in the subclass. This means that you provide the new logic or behavior for the component that is specific to the subclass. The redefined component in the subclass will override the original component in the superclass when the subclass object is used. For example, if the superclass has a method m1 that returns ‘Hello’, the subclass can redefine the method m1 to return ‘Hi’ instead.

You cannot do any of the following:

• You implement the redefined component for a second time in the superclass. This is not possible, because the superclass already has an implementation for the component that is inherited by the subclass. The subclass is responsible for providing the new implementation for the redefined component, not the superclass.
• You add the clause REDEFINITION to the component in the superclass. This is not necessary, because the superclass does not need to indicate that the component can be redefined by the subclass. The subclass is the one that needs to indicate that the component is redefined by adding the REDEFINITION clause to the component declaration in the subclass.

References: 1: METHODS - REDEFINITION - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: Redefining Methods - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help

The object that can be used to set a field to read-only in all applications of the RESTful Application Programming model (RAP) is the behaviour definition. The behaviour definition is a CDS artefact that defines the business logic and the UI behaviour of a business object. A business object is a CDS entity that represents a business entity or concept, such as a customer, an order, or a product. The behaviour definition can specify the properties of the fields of a business object, such as whether they are mandatory, read-only, or transient. These properties are valid for all applications that use the business object, such as transactional, analytical, or draft-enabled apps12. For example:

• The following code snippet defines a behaviour definition for a business object ZI_PB_APPLICATION. It sets the field APPLICATION to read-only for all applications that use this business object:

define behavior for ZI_PB_APPLICATION { field ( read only ) APPLICATION; … }

You cannot do any of the following:

• A. Service definition: A service definition is a CDS artefact that defines the interface and the binding of a service. A service is a CDS entity that exposes the data and the functionality of one or more business objects as OData, InA, or SQL services. A service definition can specify the properties of the fields of a service, such as whether they are filterable, sortable, or aggregatable. However, these properties are only valid for the specific service that uses the business object, not for all applications that use the business object12.
• C. Projection view: A projection view is a CDS artefact that defines a view on one or more data sources, such as tables, views, or associations. A projection view can select, rename, or aggregate the fields of the data sources, but it cannot change the properties of the fields, such as whether they are read-only or not. The properties of the fields are inherited from the data sources or the behaviour definitions of the business objects12.
• D. Metadata extension: A metadata extension is a CDS artefact that defines additional annotations for a CDS entity, such as a business object, a service, or a projection view. A metadata extension can specify the properties of the fields of a CDS entity for UI or analytical purposes, such as whether they are visible, editable, or hidden. However, these properties are only valid for the specific UI or analytical application that uses the metadata extension, not for all applications that use the CDS entity12.

References: 1: ABAP CDS - Data Definitions - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: ABAP CDS - Behavior Definitions - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help

The predicate condition that can be used to ensure that the CAST will work is IS INSTANCE OF. The IS INSTANCE OF predicate condition checks whether the operand is an instance of the specified class or interface. This is useful when you want to perform a downcast, which is a conversion from a more general type to a more specific type. A downcast can fail if the operand is not an instance of the target type, and this can cause a runtime error. Therefore, you can use the IS INSTANCE OF predicate condition to check whether the downcast is possible before using the CAST operator12. For example:

• The following code snippet uses the IS INSTANCE OF predicate condition to check whether the variable g_super is an instance of the class lcl_super. If it is, the CAST will work and the variable g_sub1 will be assigned the value of g_super.

DATA: g_super TYPE REF TO lcl_super, g_sub1 TYPE REF TO lcl_sub1. IF g_super IS INSTANCE OF lcl_super. g_sub1 = CAST #( g_super ). g_sub1->method( … ). ENDIF.

You cannot do any of the following:

• IS SUPPLIED: The IS SUPPLIED predicate condition checks whether an optional parameter of a method or a function module has been supplied by the caller. This is useful when you want to handle different cases depending on whether the parameter has a value or not. However, this predicate condition has nothing to do with the CAST operator or the type of the operand12.
• IS NOT INITIAL: The IS NOT INITIAL predicate condition checks whether the operand has a non-initial value. This is useful when you want to check whether the operand has been assigned a value or not. However, this predicate condition does not guarantee that the CAST will work, because the operand may have a value but not be an instance of the target type12.
• IS BOUND: The IS BOUND predicate condition checks whether the operand is a bound reference variable. This is useful when you want to check whether the operand points to an existing object or not. However, this predicate condition does not guarantee that the CAST will work, because the operand may point to an object but not be an instance of the target type12.

References: 1: Predicate Expressions - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: ABAP - Predicates | SAP Community

The field4 is defined incorrectly in the ABAP code snippet. The reason is that the data type c (character) cannot have a decimal places specification. The decimal places specification is only valid for the data types p (packed number) and f (floating point number)1. Therefore, the field4 definition should either omit the decimal places specification or change the data type to p or f.

References: 1: Data Types and Data Objects - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help

The ABAP Cloud Development Model requires that only public SAP APIs and extension points are used to access SAP functionality and data. These APIs and extension points are released by SAP and documented in the SAP API Business Hub1. Customer-created function modules are not part of the public SAP APIs and are not released for cloud development. Therefore, calling a function module directly from an ABAP Cloud class is not allowed and will result in a syntax error. However, there are two possible ways to call a function module indirectly from an ABAP Cloud class:

• Create a wrapper class or interface for the function module and release it for cloud development. A wrapper is a class or interface that encapsulates the function module and exposes its functionality through public methods or attributes. The wrapper must be created in a software component with the language version set to “Standard ABAP” and must be marked as released for cloud development using the annotation @EndUserText.label. The wrapper can then be called from an ABAP Cloud class using the public methods or attributes2.
• Use the ABAP Cloud Connector to call the function module as a remote function call (RFC) from an ABAP Cloud class. The ABAP Cloud Connector is a service that enables the secure and reliable communication between SAP BTP, ABAP environment and on-premise systems. The function module must be exposed as an RFC-enabled function module in the on-premise system and must be registered in the ABAP Cloud Connector. The ABAP Cloud class can then use the class cl_rfc_destination_service to get the destination name and the class cl_abap_system to create a proxy object for the function module. The proxy object can then be used to call the function module3.

References: 1: SAP API Business Hub 2: Creating an ABAP Cloud Project | SAP Help Portal 3: Calling Remote Function Modules | SAP Help Portal

When accessing the subclass instance through go_super, you can do both of the following:

• Access the inherited private components: A subclass inherits all the private attributes and methods of its superclass, unless they are explicitly overridden by the subclass. Therefore, you can access the inherited private components of the superclass through go_super, as long as they are not hidden by other attributes or methods in the subclass12.
• Access the inherited public components: A subclass inherits all the public attributes and methods of its superclass, unless they are explicitly overridden by the subclass. Therefore, you can access the inherited public components of the superclass through go_super, as long as they are not hidden by other attributes or methods in the subclass12.

You cannot do any of the following:

• Call a subclass specific public method: A subclass does not have any public methods that are not inherited from its superclass. Therefore, you cannot call a subclass specific public method through go_super12.
• Call inherited public redefined methods: A subclass does not have any public methods that are redefined from its superclass. Therefore, you cannot call inherited public redefined methods through go_super12.

References: 1: Object Oriented - ABAP Development - Support Wiki 2: Inheritance and Instantiation - ABAP Keyword Documentation

The following are the explanations for each statement:

• A: This statement is correct. go_subl = CAST #(go_super) will not work. This is because go_subl is a data object of type REF TO cl_subl, which is a reference to the subclass cl_subl. go_super is a data object of type REF TO cl_super, which is a reference to the superclass cl_super. The CAST operator is used to perform a downcast or an upcast of a reference variable to another reference variable of a compatible type. A downcast is a conversion from a more general type to a more specific type, while an upcast is a conversion from a more specific type to a more general type. In this case, the CAST operator is trying to perform a downcast from go_super to go_subl, but this is not possible, as go_super is not pointing to an instance of cl_subl, but to an instance of cl_super. Therefore, the CAST operator will raise an exception CX_SY_MOVE_CAST_ERROR at runtime12
• B: This statement is incorrect. go_sub2 = CAST #(go_super) will work. go_subl = CAST #(go_super) will not work. This is because go_sub2 is a data object of type REF TO cl_sub2, which is a reference to the subclass cl_sub2. go_super is a data object of type REF TO cl_super, which is a reference to the superclass cl_super. The CAST operator is used to perform a downcast or an upcast of a reference variable to another reference variable of a compatible type. A downcast is a conversion from a more general type to a more specific type, while an upcast is a conversion from a more specific type to a more general type. In this case, the CAST operator is trying to perform a downcast from go_super to go_sub2, and this is possible, as go_super is pointing to an instance of cl_sub2, which is a subclass of cl_super. Therefore, the CAST operator will assign the reference of go_super to go_sub2 without raising an exception. However, the CAST operator will not work for go_subl, as explained in statement A12
• C: This statement is incorrect. go_sub2 = CAST #(go_super) will work. go_sub2->sub2_meth1(…) will not work. This is because go_sub2 is a data object of type REF TO cl_sub2, which is a reference to the subclass cl_sub2. go_super is a data object of type REF TO cl_super, which is a reference to the superclass cl_super. The CAST operator is used to perform a downcast or an upcast of a reference variable to another reference variable of a compatible type. A downcast is a conversion from a more general type to a more specific type, while an upcast is a conversion from a more specific type to a more general type. In this case, the CAST operator is trying to perform a downcast from go_super to go_sub2, and this is possible, as go_super is pointing to an instance of cl_sub2, which is a subclass of cl_super. Therefore, the CAST operator will assign the reference of go_super to go_sub2 without raising an exception. However, the method call go_sub2->sub2_meth1(…) will not work, as sub2_meth1 is a subclass-specific method of cl_sub2, which is not inherited by cl_super. Therefore, the method call will raise an exception CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD at runtime123
• D: This statement is correct. go_subl->subl_meth1(…) will work. This is because go_subl is a data object of type REF TO cl_subl, which is a reference to the subclass cl_subl. subl_meth1 is a subclass-specific method of cl_subl, which is not inherited by cl_super. Therefore, the method call go_subl->subl_meth1(…) will work, as go_subl is pointing to an instance of cl_subl, which has the method subl_meth1123

References: NEW - ABAP Keyword Documentation, CAST - ABAP Keyword Documentation, Method Call - ABAP Keyword Documentation

The function find_any_not_of returns the position of the first character in the string val that is not contained in the string sub. If no such character is found, the function returns 0. In this case, the string val contains only the characters A, B, and a, which are all contained in the string sub, so the function returns 0. The other functions return positive values, as follows:

• Count_any_of returns the number of occurrences of any character in the string sub within the string val. In this case, it returns 8, since there are 8 A’s and B’s in val.
• Count returns the number of occurrences of the string sub within the string val. In this case, it returns 2, since there are 2 AB’s in val.
• find_any_of returns the position of the first character in the string val that is contained in the string sub. In this case, it returns 1, since the first character A is in sub. References: String Functions - ABAP Keyword Documentation, Examples of String Functions - ABAP Keyword Documentation

An Access Control Object (ACO) is a CDS annotation that defines the access control rules for a CDS view entity. An ACO consists of one or more clauses that specify the role name, the data source, the access conditions, and the return code of the authority check12. Some of the clauses that are used in an ACO are:

• Where (to specify the access conditions): This clause is used to define the logical expression that determines whether a user has access to the data source or not. The expression can use the fields of the data source, the parameters of the CDS view entity, or the predefined variables $user and $session. The expression can also use the functions check_authorization and check_role to perform additional authority checks12.
• Define role (to specify the role name): This clause is used to assign a name to the role that is defined by the ACO. The role name must be unique within the namespace of the CDS view entity and must not contain any special characters. The role name can be used to reference the ACO in other annotations, such as @AccessControl.authorizationCheck or @AccessControl.grant12.
• Revoke (to remove access to the data source): This clause is used to explicitly deny access to the data source for a user who meets the conditions of the where clause. The revoke clause overrides any grant clause that might grant access to the same user. The revoke clause can be used to implement the principle of least privilege or to enforce data segregation12.

You cannot do any of the following:

• Grant (to identify the data source): This is not a valid clause in an ACO. The grant clause is a separate annotation that is used to grant access to a CDS view entity or a data source for a user who has a specific role. The grant clause can reference an ACO by its role name to apply the access conditions defined by the ACO12.
• Return code (to assign the return code of the authority check): This is not a valid clause in an ACO. The return code of the authority check is a predefined variable that is set by the system after performing the access control check. The return code can be used in the where clause of the ACO to specify different access conditions based on the outcome of the check12.

References: 1: Access Control Objects - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: Access Control in Core Data Services (CDS) | SAP Help Portal

The code snippet in the image is an example of using the FOR statement to create an internal table with a constructor expression. The FOR statement introduces an iteration expression that runs over the content of source_itab and assigns each row to the variable row. The variable row is then used to populate the fields of target_itab12. Some of the correct statements about the code snippet are:

• FOR defines a loop that runs over the content of source_itab: This is true. The FOR statement iterates over the rows of source_itab and assigns each row to the variable row. The iteration expression can also specify a range or a condition for the loop12.
• row is only visible within the loop: This is true. The variable row is a local variable that is only visible within the scope of the iteration expression. It cannot be accessed outside the loop12.

You cannot do any of the following:

• source_itab is only visible within the loop: This is false. The variable source_itab is not a local variable that is defined by the FOR statement. It is an existing internal table that is used as the data source for the iteration expression. It can be accessed outside the loop12.
• row is a predefined name and cannot be chosen arbitrarily: This is false. The variable row is not a predefined name that is reserved by the FOR statement. It is a user-defined name that can be chosen arbitrarily. However, it must not conflict with any existing names in the program12.

References: 1: FOR - Iteration Expressions - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: ABAP 7.4 Syntax - FOR Loop iteration | SAP Community

The correct ON condition that must be inserted in place of “???” is:

ON Sprojection.carrier_id=Z_Source2.carrier_id

This ON condition specifies the join condition between the CDS view Sprojection and the database table Z_Source2. The join condition is based on the field carrier_id, which is the primary key of both the CDS view and the database table. The ON condition ensures that only the records that have the same value for the carrier_id field are joined together1.

The other options are not valid ON conditions, because:

• A. ON Z_Sourcel.camer_id = 7_Source2 carrier_id is not valid because Z_Sourcel and 7_Source2 are not valid data sources in the given code. There is no CDS view or database table named Z_Sourcel or 7_Source2. The correct names are Z_Source1 and Z_Source2. Moreover, the field camer_id is not a valid field in the given code. There is no field named camer_id in any of the data sources. The correct name is carrier_id.
• B. ON Sprojection Camer=Source2 carrier_id is not valid because Sprojection and Source2 are not valid data sources in the given code. There is no CDS view or database table named Sprojection or Source2. The correct names are Sprojection and Z_Source2. Moreover, the field Camer is not a valid field in the given code. There is no field named Camer in any of the data sources. The correct name is carrier_id. Furthermore, the ON condition is missing the dot (.) operator between the data source name and the field name, which is required to access the fields of the data source1.
• C. ON Sprojection. Carrier Source2.carrier is not valid because Carrier and carrier are not valid fields in the given code. There is no field named Carrier or carrier in any of the data sources. The correct name is carrier_id. Moreover, the ON condition is missing the dot (.) operator between the data source name and the field name, which is required to access the fields of the data source1.

References: 1: ON Condition - ABAP Keyword Documentation

On-stack developer extensibility is a type of extensibility that allows you to create development projects directly on the SAP S/4HANA Cloud technology stack. It gives you the opportunity to develop cloud-ready and upgrade-stable custom ABAP applications and services inside the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition system. You can use the ABAP Development Tools in Eclipse to create and deploy your on-stack extensions. On-stack developer extensibility is suitable for the following kinds of applications:

• Applications that provide APIs for side by side SAP BTP apps. On-stack developer extensibility allows you to create OData services or RESTful APIs based on CDS view entities or projection views. These services or APIs can expose SAP S/4HANA data and logic to other applications that run on the SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP) or other platforms. This way, you can create a loosely coupled integration between your SAP S/4HANA system and your side by side SAP BTP apps.
• Applications that access SAP S/4HANA data using complex SQL. On-stack developer extensibility allows you to use ABAP SQL to access SAP S/4HANA data using complex queries, such as joins, aggregations, filters, parameters, and code pushdown techniques. You can also use ABAP SQL to perform data manipulation operations, such as insert, update, delete, and upsert. This way, you can create applications that require advanced data processing and analysis on SAP S/4HANA data.

The other kinds of applications are not suitable for on-stack developer extensibility, as they have different requirements and challenges. These kinds of applications are:

• Applications that integrate data from several different systems. On-stack developer extensibility is not meant for creating applications that integrate data from multiple sources, such as other SAP systems, third-party systems, or cloud services. This is because on-stack developer extensibility does not support remote access or data replication, and it may cause performance or security issues. For this kind of applications, you should use side by side extensibility, which allows you to create applications that run on the SAP BTP and communicate with the SAP S/4HANA system via public APIs or events.
• Applications that run separate from SAP S/4HANA. On-stack developer extensibility is not meant for creating applications that run independently from the SAP S/4HANA system, such as standalone apps, microservices, or web apps. This is because on-stack developer extensibility requires a tight coupling with the SAP S/4HANA system, and it may limit the scalability, flexibility, and portability of the applications. For this kind of applications, you should use side by side extensibility, which allows you to create applications that run on the SAP BTP and leverage the cloud-native features and services of the platform.

References: Developer Extensibility in SAP S/4HANA Cloud ABAP Environment, SAP S/4HANA Extensibility – Simplified Guide for Beginners

A generic internal table type is a table type that does not define all the attributes of an internal table in the ABAP Dictionary; it leaves some of these attributes undefined. A table type is generic in the following cases1:

• You have selected Index Table or Not Specified as the access type.
• You have not specified a table key or specified an incomplete table key.
• You have specified a generic secondary table key.

A generic table type can be used only for typing formal parameters or field symbols. A generic table type cannot be used for defining data objects or constants2.

Therefore, the correct answer is B. INDEX TABLE, which is a generic table type that does not specify the access type or the table key. The other options are not generic table types, because:

• A. SORTED TABLE is a table type that specifies the access type as sorted and the table key as a unique or non-unique primary key3.
• C. STANDARD TABLE is a table type that specifies the access type as standard and the table key as a non-unique standard key that consists of all the fields of the table row in the order in which they are defined4.
• D. HASHED TABLE is a table type that specifies the access type as hashed and the table key as a unique primary key5.

References: 1: Generic Table Types - ABAP Dictionary - SAP Online Help 2: Generic ABAP Types - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 3: Sorted Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 4: Standard Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 5: Hashed Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help

The expression itab1 = corresponding #( itab2 ) is a constructor expression with the component operator CORRESPONDING that assigns the contents of the internal table itab2 to the internal table itab1. The following statements are true for using this expression:

• B: itab1 and itab2 must have at least one field name in common. This is because the component operator CORRESPONDING assigns the identically named columns of itab2 to the identically named columns of itab1 by default, according to the rules of MOVE-CORRESPONDING for internal tables. If itab1 and itab2 do not have any field name in common, the expression will not assign any value to itab1 and it will remain initial or unchanged1
• C: Fields with the same name and the same type will be copied from itab2 to itab1. This is because the component operator CORRESPONDING assigns the identically named columns of itab2 to the identically named columns of itab1 by default, according to the rules of MOVE-CORRESPONDING for internal tables. If the columns have the same name but different types, the assignment will try to perform a conversion between the types, which may result in a loss of precision, a truncation, or a runtime error, depending on the types involved1

The following statements are false for using this expression:

• A: Fields with the same name but with different types may be copied from itab2 to itab1. This is not true, as explained in statement C. The assignment will try to perform a conversion between the types, which may result in a loss of precision, a truncation, or a runtime error, depending on the types involved1
• D: itab1 and itab2 must have the same data type. This is not true, as the component operator CORRESPONDING can assign the contents of an internal table of one type to another internal table of a different type, as long as they have at least one field name in common. The target type of the expression is determined by the left-hand side of the assignment, which is itab1 in this case. The expression will create an internal table of the same type as itab1 and assign it to itab11

References: CORRESPONDING - Component Operator - ABAP Keyword Documentation

The internal table type that allows both unique and non-unique keys is the standard table. A standard table has an internal linear index that can be used to access the table entries. The key of a standard table is always non-unique, which means that the table can contain duplicate entries. However, the system does not check the uniqueness of the key when inserting new entries, so the programmer can ensure that the key is unique by using appropriate logic. A standard table can be accessed either by using the table index or the key, but the response time for key access is proportional to the table size.

The other two internal table types, sorted and hashed, do not allow non-unique keys. A sorted table is filled in sorted order according to the defined table key, which must be unique. A sorted table can be accessed either by using the table index or the key, but the response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the table size. A hashed table can only be accessed by using a unique key, which must be specified when declaring the table. A hashed table has no index, and the response time for key access is constant, regardless of the table size.

References: Internal Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation, SAP ABAP: Types Of Internal Table Declaration - dan852.com

Based on the given information, the spfli database table should have the following general settings:

• “Storage Type” to “Row Store”: This setting determines how the data is stored in the SAP HANA database. Row store is suitable for tables that are accessed by primary key or by a small number of columns. Column store is suitable for tables that are accessed by a large number of columns or by complex analytical queries. Since the spfli table is a large table with over one million rows, and this program is the only one in the system that accesses the table, it is likely that the program will use primary key access or simple queries to access the table. Therefore, row store is a better choice than column store for this table12.
• “Load Unit” to “Page Loadable”: This setting determines how the data is loaded into the memory when the table is accessed. Page loadable means that the data is loaded in pages of 16 KB each, and only the pages that are needed are loaded. Column loadable means that the data is loaded in columns, and only the columns that are needed are loaded. Since the spfli table is a row store table, and this program will run rarely, it is more efficient to use page loadable than column loadable for this table. Page loadable will reduce the memory consumption and the loading time of the table13.

References: 1: Table Types in SAP HANA | SAP Help Portal 2: [Row Store vs Column Store in SAP HANA | SAP Blogs] 3: [Load Unit | SAP Help Portal]

The purpose of a foreign key relationship between two tables in the ABAP Dictionary is to ensure the integrity of data in the corresponding database tables. A foreign key relationship defines a logical link between a foreign key table and a check table, where the foreign key fields of the former are assigned to the primary key fields of the latter. This means that the values entered in the foreign key fields must exist in the check table, otherwise the system will reject the entry. This way, the foreign key relationship prevents the insertion of invalid or inconsistent data in the database tables.

A foreign key relationship also serves to document the relationship between the two tables in the ABAP Dictionary, but this is not its primary purpose. A foreign key relationship does not necessarily create a corresponding foreign key relationship in the database, as this depends on the database system and the settings of the ABAP Dictionary. Some database systems do not support foreign keys at all, while others require additional steps to activate them. Therefore, the foreign key relationship in the ABAP Dictionary is mainly a logical concept that is enforced by the ABAP runtime environment.

References: Foreign Keys (SAP Library - ABAP Dictionary), Foreign Keys (SAP Library - BC - ABAP Dictionary)

The sub constructor is the instance constructor of the subclass sub that inherits from the superclass super. The sub constructor has some rules that it must follow when it is defined and implemented12. Some of the valid rules are:

• The method signature can be changed: This is true. The sub constructor can have a different method signature than the super constructor, which means that it can have different input parameters, output parameters, or exceptions. However, the sub constructor must still call the super constructor with appropriate actual parameters that match its interface12.
• The constructor of super must be called before using any components of your own instance: This is true. The sub constructor must ensure that the super constructor is called explicitly using super->constructor before accessing any instance components of its own class, such as attributes or methods. This is because the super constructor initializes the inherited components of the subclass and sets the self-reference me-> to the current instance12.

You cannot do any of the following:

• Import parameters can only be evaluated after calling the constructor of super: This is false. The sub constructor can evaluate its own import parameters before calling the constructor of super, as long as it does not access any instance components of its own class. For example, the sub constructor can use its import parameters to calculate some values or check some conditions that are needed for calling the super constructor12.
• Events of your own instance cannot be raised before the registration of a handler in super: This is false. The sub constructor can raise events of its own instance before calling the constructor of super, as long as it does not access any instance components of its own class. For example, the sub constructor can raise an event to notify the consumers of the subclass about some status or error that occurred during the initialization of the subclass12.

References: 1: Inheritance and Constructors - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help 2: Using Static and Instance constructor methods | SAP Blogs

String functions are expressions that can be used to manipulate character-like data in ABAP. String functions can be either predicate functions or non-predicate functions. Predicate functions are string functions that return a truth value (true or false) for a condition of the argument text. Non-predicate functions are string functions that return a character-like result for an operation on the argument text1.

The following string functions are predicate functions:

• B. contains_any_of(): This function returns true if the argument text contains at least one of the characters specified in the character set. For example, the following expression returns true, because the text ‘ABAP’ contains at least one of the characters ‘A’, ‘B’, or ‘C’:

contains_any_of( val = ‘ABAP’ set = ‘ABC’ ).

• D. matches(): This function returns true if the argument text matches the pattern specified in the regular expression. For example, the following expression returns true, because the text ‘ABAP’ matches the pattern that consists of four uppercase letters:

matches( val = ‘ABAP’ regex = ‘[A-Z]{4}’ ).

The following string functions are not predicate functions, because they return a character-like result, not a truth value:

• A. find_any_not_of(): This function returns the position of the first character in the argument text that is not contained in the character set. If no such character is found, the function returns 0. For example, the following expression returns 3, because the third character of the text ‘ABAP’ is not contained in the character set ‘ABC’:

find_any_not_of( val = ‘ABAP’ set = ‘ABC’ ).

• C. count_any_of(): This function returns the number of characters in the argument text that are contained in the character set. For example, the following expression returns 2, because there are two characters in the text ‘ABAP’ that are contained in the character set ‘ABC’:

count_any_of( val = ‘ABAP’ set = ‘ABC’ ).

References: 1: String Functions - ABAP Keyword Documentation