Salesforce CRT-450 Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (SP23) Exam Practice Test

 The code snippet uses the ternary operator in Apex, which is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement. The syntax is condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated first, and then either the value_if_true or the value_if_false is returned, depending on the result of the condition. In this case, the condition is a > b, which is false, since a is 1 and b is 2. Therefore, the value_if_false is returned, which is a, which is 1. Hence, the value of x is 1. References:

• Apex Basics for .NET Developers, page 9
• [Apex Developer Guide], section “Ternary Operator”

A developer should use an Apex REST class to satisfy this requirement. An Apex REST class can expose a custom REST API that can be called from an external system, such as an order management system, to retrieve data in real time and return it in JSON or XML format1. The developer can then use the @InvocableMethod annotation on a method in the Apex REST class to make it available as an action in Flow Builder2. The developer can then use this action in the multi-screen flow to display the list of order number and dates on the screen for the call center agents. References:

• 1: Apex REST Methods | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Customize Order Management Flows Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

The correct answer is option C. In Salesforce, a custom SOAP Web Service is defined using Apex with annotations that enable classes and methods to be exposed as web service endpoints. Helper methods that are not used by the Web Application should not be declared as webservice. They can be private or public but should not have the webservice keyword in their declaration. The webservice keyword is specifically for methods that are exposed to external applications via SOAP API.

References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation on creating custom web services with Apex: Creating Custom Web Services.

The deployment passes because the Apex code has the required 75% code coverage. In Salesforce, you need at least 75% of your Apex code to be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully. When deploying to a production environment, every unit test in your organization namespace is executed. Since the developer’s test method covers 81% of the Apex code, it meets the minimum requirement for deployment.

Option A is incorrect because the Apex trigger has code coverage, as it is invoked by the test method that calls MyClass.myStaticMethod. The trigger and the method have the same logic, so the test method effectively tests both.

Option B is incorrect because assertions are not mandatory for deployment, although they are highly recommended for verifying the expected outcomes of the test cases. Assertions are statements that compare the actual results of the test with the expected results. If an assertion fails, the test fails.

Option D is incorrect because including both classes and the trigger in the deployment is not sufficient to ensure code coverage. The developer still needs to write and run unit tests that cover the Apex code.

References: Apex Testing), Deploying Apex to a Salesforce Production Organization)

The correct answers are option C and option D. Lightning Web Components are self-contained and reusable units of an application that follow web standards and can leverage modern web features. They also benefit from a rich component ecosystem that includes standard components, custom components, and third-party components. Visualforce, on the other hand, is a legacy framework that relies on server-side rendering and proprietary markup. It does not offer the same level of modularity, performance, and interoperability as Lightning Web Components. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in Lightning Web Components Basics, where the benefits and features of Lightning Web Components are discussed. Lightning Web Components Basics

Marking the field as Required on the field definition ensures that the field cannot be left blank or null when a record is created or updated, regardless of the page layout or the API. This is the most efficient way to enforce a value for the picklist field, as it does not require any additional configuration or code. Setting the first value as the default value does not prevent the user from changing or clearing the value. Setting a validation rule requires writing a formula and handling error messages. Marking the field as Required on the page layout only affects the user interface, not the API or other tools. References:

• Create a Custom Picklist Field from the Salesforce Help
• Get Started with Picklists from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Picklist Considerations from the Salesforce Help

 A developer should use the FIND clause with the IN Name Fields option to obtain the Id and Name of all the Leads, Accounts, and Contacts that have the company name “Universal Containers”. The FIND clause allows you to perform text searches in Salesforce data, similar to searching with a search engine1. The IN Name Fields option specifies that the search should look for matches in the Name fields of the objects2. The RETURNING clause specifies which objects and fields to return in the search results3. The syntax of the FIND clause is as follows:

FIND {searchString} [IN searchGroup] [RETURNING fieldSpec [ORDER BY orderBySpec] [LIMIT limitSpec] [OFFSET offsetSpec]]

For example, the following query returns the Id and Name of all the Leads, Accounts, and Contacts that have the company name “Universal Containers”:

FIND ‘Universal Containers’ IN Name Fields RETURNING lead(id, name), account(id, name), contact(id, name)

Option B is incorrect, because there is no such option as IN CompanyName Fields in the FIND clause. The valid options for the IN clause are ALL FIELDS, NAME FIELDS, EMAIL FIELDS, PHONE FIELDS, and SIDEBAR FIELDS2.

Option C is incorrect, because it is not a valid SOQL query. SOQL stands for Salesforce Object Query Language, which is a different way of querying Salesforce data than the FIND clause. SOQL queries use the SELECT statement to specify the fields and objects to retrieve, and the WHERE clause to filter the records based on certain criteria. However, SOQL queries cannot query multiple objects in a single statement, unless they are related by a relationship. Therefore, the query in option C would result in a syntax error, as it tries to query Lead, Account, and Contact objects in the same statement, without specifying any relationship.

Option D is incorrect, because it is also not a valid SOQL query. Apart from the same issue as option C, it also has a typo in the WHERE clause, as it uses an asterisk (*) instead of an equal sign (=) to compare the CompanyName field with the value “Universal Containers”.

References:

• FIND | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• IN | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• RETURNING | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• [Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers]
• [Relationship Queries | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers]

 Importing data using the Data Loader and the Bulk API causes a before trigger to fire by default for Accounts. A before trigger is a type of trigger that executes before a record is saved to the database. A before trigger can be used to validate or modify the record values before they are inserted or updated1. When using the Data Loader or the Bulk API to import data, the before trigger will run for each batch of records that are processed2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Renaming or replacing picklist values does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it does not affect the record values directly. However, it may affect the validation rules or formulas that reference the picklist values3.
• Converting Leads to Contact accounts does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a special operation that bypasses the standard trigger execution order. Instead, the LeadConvert class can be used to override the default lead conversion process and invoke custom logic.
• Updating addresses using the Mass Address update tool does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a tool that allows users to update address fields on multiple records at once. However, it may cause an after trigger to fire, as it updates the records in the database.

References:

• 1: Triggers and Order of Execution
• 2: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 3: Rename or Replace Picklist Values
• : Apex Developer Guide: LeadConvert Class
• : Mass Update Addresses

Creating a test class to execute the business logic and run the test in the Developer Console is the best approach to ensure that the Apex class is working according to specification. Test classes are used to verify the functionality, performance, and security of the Apex code, and to provide code coverage for deployment. Test classes can also use assertions to validate the expected outcomes of the code. The Developer Console provides a user interface to create, run, and debug test classes, and to view the test results and code coverage1.

Including a savepoint and Database.rollback is not a valid approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to undo the changes made by the DML operations in a transaction2. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage.

Including a try/catch block to the Apex class is not a sufficient approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to handle the exceptions that may occur during the execution of the code3. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage. Moreover, a try/catch block should be used in conjunction with a test class, not as a replacement.

Running the code in an Execute Anonymous block in the Developer Console is not a recommended approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to execute arbitrary Apex code that is not saved as part of the application. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage. Moreover, running the code in an Execute Anonymous block may have unintended consequences on the data and the application, as it does not follow the best practices of testing.

References:

• 1: Test Classes | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Savepoints and Rollbacks | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: Exception Handling | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• : [Execute Anonymous | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]
• : [Best Practices for Testing | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]

 SOQL injection is a vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is used to construct a dynamic SOQL query without proper validation or escaping. This can allow an attacker to modify the query and execute unintended commands or access unauthorized data. To prevent SOQL injection, it is recommended to use static queries with bind variables or use the escapeSingleQuotes method to sanitize the input. Based on the image descriptions from my tool outputs, the following options are safe from SOQL injection:

• Option A: This option uses a static query with a bind variable, which automatically escapes any malicious input and prevents it from changing the query structure. The bind variable name is obtained from an apex:inputText tag on a Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Account Name field.
• Option C: This option also uses a static query with a bind variable, which is the same as option A. The only difference is that the bind variable name is obtained from a different apex:inputText tag on the same Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Contact Name field.

The other options are not safe from SOQL injection because they use dynamic queries with string concatenation, which can allow an attacker to inject SOQL commands into the query string and bypass the intended logic or access unauthorized data.

References: The use of static queries with bind variables and the escapeSingleQuotes method to prevent SOQL injection can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex security and SOQL, such as:

• SOQL Injection
• Secure Coding SQL Injection
• Apex Basics & Database

In this scenario, a formula field is the most appropriate choice to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets for a given project. This is because formula fields automatically calculate their values based on other fields’ values, requiring no additional maintenance or manual intervention when the related fields are updated. They are used for read-only purposes and are visible to users if they have read access to the object containing the formula field. References: The use of formula fields for automatic calculations can be referenced in Salesforce’s official documentation and learning modules, specifically under the section that covers objects and fields in Salesforce (Objects and Fields.

Custom exceptions in Apex are user-defined exception classes that can have their own member variables, methods, constructors, and interfaces. They must extend the system Exception class and have a class name that ends with “Exception”. They cannot extend other classes besides the Exception class. Custom exceptions enable more detailed error messages and custom error handling in catch blocks. They can also be rethrown as inner exceptions to preserve the stack trace information.

References:

• Create Custom Exceptions | Apex Developer Guide
• Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions | Apex Reference Guide
• Handling Exceptions in Apex: Creating and Using Custom Exceptions
• Custom Or User-Defined Exception In Apex | Salesforce Developer Tutorials
• Using custom exception types | Mastering Apex Programming

 To create a CreditcardPayment class that provides an implementation of an existing Payment class, the developer should use the extends keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment is a subclass of Payment, and the override keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment provides a different implementation of the makePayment method than the superclass. This way, the CreditcardPayment class inherits the properties and methods of the Payment class, but can also modify or add its own behavior.

The other options are not correct because:

• B. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because the implements keyword is used to indicate that a class implements an interface, not another class. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that a class must define, but a class is a blueprint for creating objects that have properties and methods.
• C. Public class CreditCardPayment extends Payment. This option is not valid, because it does not use the override keyword to provide a different implementation of the makePayment method. Without the override keyword, the subclass would inherit the same implementation of the method as the superclass, which defeats the purpose of creating a subclass.
• D. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because it has the same problem as option B. It uses the implements keyword instead of the extends keyword, which is incorrect for creating a subclass of another class.

References:

• : Inheritance
• : Interfaces

The  component displays all messages that were generated for all components on the current page, using the ApexPages.addMessage() method. This component should be used to display messages on a Visualforce page that uses a custom controller or controller extension1. The other options are either incorrect or incomplete, as they only display a single message or require additional attributes2. References:

• ApexPages Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

The developer should write a class that implements the HTTPCalloutMock interface to provide test coverage for the Apex code that calls out to an external system. The HTTPCalloutMock interface enables you to inject fake responses into the callout response in a test method, so that you can isolate your Apex logic from any dependency on the external system. The interface has one method, respond, that returns a predefined HTTPResponse object when the Apex code calls the HTTPRequest.send method. By using the HTTPCalloutMock interface, you can test your Apex code without actually calling the external system, which saves time and avoids hitting callout limits. The other options are not valid ways to mock a callout in a test method. The HTTPCalloutMock interface is not a class, so it cannot be extended. The WebserviceMock interface is used to mock a SOAP web service callout, not a RESTful HTTP callout. The WebserviceMock interface is also not a class, so it cannot be extended either. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface, pages 1-2
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing, unit 6

Anonymous Apex code is Apex code that does not get stored in the metadata, but that can be compiled and executed on the fly. You can use Anonymous Apex code for various purposes, such as:

• To delete 15,000 inactive Accounts in a single transaction after a deployment: You can use Anonymous Apex code to perform bulk data operations that are not possible or convenient with the standard tools, such as Data Loader or Import Wizard. For example, you can write a SOQL query to select the inactive Accounts and then use the Database.delete method to delete them in a single transaction. This can save you time and avoid hitting the governor limits.
• To add unit test code coverage to an org: You can use Anonymous Apex code to write and run unit tests for your Apex classes and triggers, without having to save them in the metadata. This can help you increase your code coverage and ensure the quality of your code. You can also use the System.debug method to print the results of your tests in the debug log.

References: Anonymous Blocks, Executing Anonymous Apex Code, Execute Anonymous Apex

• By providing device-awareness for mobile and desktops. This is true because the Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page. The framework takes care of rendering the components appropriately for different devices and screen sizes1.
• By providing an Agile process with default steps. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any specific process or methodology for developing solutions. Developers can use any process that suits their needs, such as Agile, Waterfall, or Scrum2.
• By providing code review standards and processes. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any code review standards or processes. Developers are responsible for ensuring the quality and maintainability of their code, and they can use tools such as code analysis, testing, and debugging to help them3.
• By providing change history and version control. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any change history or version control features. Developers can use tools such as Git, SVN, or Salesforce DX to manage their source code and track changes.

References:

• 1: Introducing Aura Components
• 2: Agile Development with Salesforce
• 3: Code Quality and Code Analysis
• : Source Control and Salesforce Development

To pass data from a parent component to a child component, the developer can use either a custom event or a public property1. A custom event is a way for a component to communicate with its parent or ancestor components by sending a message that contains data. The parent component can listen for the event and handle it accordingly. A public property is a way for a parent component to pass data to a child component by setting an attribute on the child component’s HTML tag. The child component can access the data through the property’s value.

The developer cannot use the Apex controller class or invoke a method in the child component to pass data from the parent component. The Apex controller class is used to communicate with the server and perform business logic, not to pass data between components. Invoking a method in the child component is a way for the parent component to call a function defined in the child component, not to pass data to it. References:

• Inter-Component Communication Patterns for Lightning Web Components | Salesforce Developers Blog
• Communicate with Events - Lightning Web Components Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers
• Pass Data to Child Components - Lightning Web Components Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers

 To create a Lightning component on a Visualforce page, you need to use the Lightning Components for Visualforce JavaScript library, which is included by the apex:includeLightning/ tag. This library provides the $Lightning object, which has two methods: $Lightning.use and $Lightning.createComponent. The $Lightning.use method references a Lightning dependency app that declares the component dependencies. The $Lightning.createComponent method creates an instance of the component and renders it on the page. See Use Lightning Components in Visualforce Pages1 for more details. References: 1: Use Lightning Components in Visualforce Pages | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce

The optimal way to implement this feature is to build a flow with Flow Builder. Flow Builder is a tool that lets you automate business processes by creating flows that execute logic, interact with Salesforce, and call Apex classes. You can use Flow Builder to create a record-triggered flow that runs when an Account record is updated. In the flow, you can use a Get Records element to query the custom object based on the Postal Code field of the Account record. Then, you can use an Assignment element to assign the value of the Timezone field from the custom object record to the Timezone field of the Account record. Finally, you can use an Update Records element to save the changes to the Account record.

Option B is incorrect because an account assignment rule is used to automatically assign account owners based on criteria. It does not update other fields on the account record.

Option C is incorrect because a formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. It cannot be updated by the user or by a trigger.

Option D is incorrect because an account approval process is used to require approval from one or more users before an account record can be saved. It does not update other fields on the account record.

References: Flow Builder (Trailhead)), Record-Triggered Flows (Trailhead)), Account Assignment Rules (Salesforce Help)), Formula Fields (Salesforce Help)), Approval Processes (Salesforce Help))

 The given anonymous block of code is trying to update over 10,000 Case records in a single transaction, which will exceed the governor limit. In Salesforce, there are specific limits to prevent operations from consuming excessive resources. One of these limits is the total number of records processed in a transaction. If this limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail.

References: The related information can be found under the “Apex Governor Limits” section in Salesforce documentation and learning materials on Trailhead.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a piece of code displayed on a screen with a light background. It’s an Anonymous Block of Apex code for Salesforce. The code snippet involves updating case records with the status “Working”. There’s an evident syntax error as it tries to retrieve 50,000 records which exceeds governor limits. A try/catch block is used to handle exceptions during the database update operation.

If you are looking for more resources to study for the Platform Developer I exam, you can check out the following links from my web search results:

• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers): This is a website that offers 60-question practice exam with answers and explanations, written by a Salesforce Developer.
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I: This is a PDF document that provides the exam guide, sample questions, and answers for the certification exam.
• Study for the Platform Developer I Exam | Salesforce Trailhead: This is a learning path that covers the topics and skills required for the certification exam, with interactive modules and quizzes.

 To make an Apex method available to be wired to a property in a Lightning web component, the developer should use the @AuraEnabled annotation with the cacheable parameter set to true. This indicates that the method is meant to be used in a read-only manner and that the results can be cached on the client. This improves the performance and user experience of the Lightning web component. The @RemoteAction annotation is used for Visualforce remoting, not for Lightning web components. The @AuraEnabled annotation without the cacheable parameter is used for imperative Apex methods that are invoked from a Lightning web component’s JavaScript controller. The @RemoteAction(cacheable=true) annotation is not valid syntax. References: Call Apex Methods, Apex Annotations

 The developer should choose to use Data Loader instead of Data Import Wizard because Data Import Wizard cannot import more than 250 records at a time. Data Loader is a client application that can import up to five million records at a time, using either the user interface or the command line. Data Loader can also perform more complex operations, such as upsert, delete, and export. Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool that can import up to 50,000 records per file, but only 250 records per batch. Data Import Wizard can also perform insert, update, and upsert operations, but not delete or export. Data Loader does not run from the developer’s browser, but rather from the developer’s machine. Data Import Wizard does support Opportunities, as well as other standard and custom objects. Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts, but rather requires the developer to map the fields accordingly. References:

• Salesforce Help: Data Import Wizard vs. Data Loader, page 1
• Salesforce Help: Data Loader Overview, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

• Apex Flex Queue is a location where a developer can view and reorder the pending asynchronous Apex jobs that are waiting to be processed. It can hold up to 100 jobs12. Apex Flex Queue is useful for managing the execution order and priority of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Apex Jobs is a location where a developer can view the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs that have been processed, failed, or canceled. It can also show the progress and details of batch Apex and queueable Apex jobs3 . Apex Jobs is useful for monitoring and debugging the performance and outcome of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Paused Flow Interviews component is a location where a developer can view and resume the paused interviews of active flows. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.
• Time-Based Workflow Monitor is a location where a developer can view and manage the pending actions of time-based workflow rules. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic
• 3: Monitoring Asynchronous Apex
• : [Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging]
• : [Manage Paused Flow Interviews]
• : [Monitor Time-Based Workflow]

 To make a Lightning web component available for a specific page type, such as the Account record page, the developer needs to do two things: expose the component and target the page type. Exposing the component means setting the  tag to true in the component’s metadata file (statusComponent.js-meta.xml). This makes the component visible in the Lightning App Builder and other tools. Targeting the page type means adding the  tag with the appropriate value in the same metadata file. For the Account record page, the value should be lightning__RecordPage. This specifies that the component can be used on any object’s record page. The  tag is optional and defines the display name of the component in the Lightning App Builder. The  tag should not be added to the component’s JavaScript file (statusComponent.js), as this is not a valid syntax and will cause an error. References:

• Configure Components for Lightning Pages and the Lightning App Builder from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Metadata for Lightning Web Components from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components from the Salesforce Developer Center

To include a custom SVG in a Lightning web component, you need to follow these three steps:

• Upload the SVG as a static resource. You can use the Static Resource page in Setup or the Salesforce CLI to upload the SVG file as a static resource. You need to give it a name and a description, and optionally specify a cache control setting1.
• Import the static resource and provide a getter for it in JavaScript. In your Lightning web component’s JavaScript file, you need to import the static resource using the @salesforce/resourceUrl module. Then, you need to define a getter function that returns the URL of the static resource2. For example:

JavaScript

import { LightningElement } from 'lwc';

import customSVG from '@salesforce/resourceUrl/customSVG';

export default class MyComponent extends LightningElement {

get svgURL() {

return customSVG;

}

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

• Reference the getter in the HTML template. In your Lightning web component’s HTML template, you need to use the 

HTML

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

In the JavaScript file, you also need to define a handleSVGLoaded method that uses the XMLHttpRequest object to fetch the SVG content and append it to the 

JavaScript

handleSVGLoaded(event) {

const svgElement = event.target;

const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhr.open('GET', this.svgURL, true);

xhr.onload = () => {

svgElement.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;

};

xhr.send();

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

References:

• 1: Create and Upload a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 2: Use a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 3: Use lwc:dom=“manual” (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 4: Load the SVG Content (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

A trace flag is a configuration that specifies the debug level, the start time, the end time, and the log type for a user, an Apex class, or an Apex trigger. The log types are DEVELOPER_LOG, USER_DEBUG, and CLASS_TRACING. A trace flag can be configured for Visualforce, Apex classes, and users to enable logging of their activities and events. For example, a trace flag can be set for a Visualforce page to capture the execution time, view state, and heap size. A trace flag can also be set for an Apex class or trigger to override the default logging level and capture more or less information. A trace flag can also be set for a user to monitor their actions and interactions with Salesforce. A trace flag cannot be configured for Process Builder or outbound messages, as they are not supported log types. References:

• TraceFlag from the Tooling API Developer Guide
• Debug Log Levels from the Salesforce Help
• Set Up Debug Logging from the Salesforce Help

A developer can execute tests in an org using different methods, depending on the context and the tools available. The Tooling API1 allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls. The Setup Menu2 provides a user interface for running tests in the Salesforce org. Salesforce DX3 is a command-line tool that enables developers to create, test, and deploy applications using scratch orgs, which are temporary and customizable orgs for development and testing purposes. References: 1: Tooling API | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce 2: Run Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce 3: Salesforce DX | Salesforce

Aura Component-based development is a framework for creating Lightning web components, which are the building blocks of modern Salesforce applications. Lightning web components are self-contained and reusable units of an application, which means they can be composed together to create complex user interfaces. They also benefit from a rich component ecosystem, which includes standard components provided by Salesforce, custom components created by developers, and third-party components available on AppExchange. These advantages make Aura Component-based development more flexible, modular, and efficient than Visualforce, which is an older framework based on HTML, JavaScript, and Apex. See Aura Components Basics1 and Lightning Web Components Basics2 for more details. References: 1: Aura Components Basics | 2: Lightning Web Components Basics |

The @HttpInvocable annotation is used to expose an Apex class as a RESTful web service. This allows the class to be invoked by a REST client, enabling external systems to interact with Salesforce via the API. The methods within the class that are exposed as REST web services must be static and global or public. References: Apex Developer Guide

A master-detail relationship is a parent-child relationship in which the master (parent) record controls certain behaviors of the detail (child) record, such as security, ownership, and deletion. A re-parentable master-detail relationship allows the detail record to be moved to a different master record, as long as the user has the appropriate permissions. This relationship implementation supports the requirements of calculating the total amount on an Order, calculating the line amount for each Line Item, and moving Line Items to a different Order. A lookup relationship is a looser association between two objects, in which the parent record does not control the behaviors of the child record. A re-parentable lookup relationship also allows the child record to be moved to a different parent record, but it does not support the automatic roll-up summary fields or cascade deletion that are needed for the requirements. Therefore, option A is the correct relationship implementation for the scenario. References: Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling

Fast field updates record-triggered flow and account trigger are two automation tools that can be used to implement the feature of updating the Timezone field based on the postal code. A fast field update is a type of flow action that can update one or more fields on a record without using any Apex code1. A record-triggered flow can be configured to run when a record is created or updated, and can perform actions such as fast field updates, invocable actions, or subflows2. An account trigger is a piece of Apex code that can execute before or after an account record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, and can perform complex logic or callouts to external services3. Both of these tools can access the PostalCodeToTimezone_c custom object and update the Timezone field accordingly. References:

• Fast Field Updates, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module
• Apex Triggers, Trailhead module

The developer can use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class by using the keyword ‘implements’. This keyword indicates that the SilverLaptop class is implementing the Laptop interface, which means that it must provide a body for all the methods declared in the interface. For example, the SilverLaptop class can implement the Laptop interface as follows:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop { // code implementation public void turnOn() { // code to turn on the laptop } public void turnOff() { // code to turn off the laptop } }

The other options are not valid ways to use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class. Option A uses the annotation ‘@Extends’, which is not a valid syntax in Apex. Option B uses the keyword ‘extends’, which is used to indicate inheritance between classes, not interfaces. Option C uses the annotation ‘@Interface’, which is also not a valid syntax in Apex.

References: Interfaces | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The component is used to create editable fields that respect the field-level security and other attributes of the specified field on an object. It works with the component to display and save the values of record fields. The component automatically displays the correct input type based on the data type of the field. For example, if the field is a currency field, the component renders as a currency input. The component also respects the user’s locale and currency settings. See lightning-input-field1 for more details. References: 1: lightning-input-field | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce

To effectively test a custom controller that works with a Visualforce wizard, the unit test should do the following:

• Set the current page to the first page of the wizard using Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef), where pageRef is a PageReference object that points to the page URL. This allows the test to access the page parameters and controller methods for that page1.
• Set the page parameter that the wizard expects using ApexPages.CurrentPage().getParameters().put(‘input’, ‘TestValue’), where ‘input’ is the name of the parameter and ‘TestValue’ is the value to be passed. This allows the test to simulate the user input or the initial URL parameter that the wizard uses1.
• Verify the navigation logic of the wizard by checking the URL of the next page after invoking the controller action using String nextPage = controller.save().getUrl(), where controller is an instance of the custom controller class and save() is the action method that returns a PageReference object. This allows the test to assert that the wizard redirects to the correct page based on the input and logic2.

The other options are not useful for testing the custom controller. Option A is incorrect because insert pageRef is not a valid Apex statement. Option C is incorrect because public ExtendedController(ApexPages StandardController cntrl) { } is a constructor for a controller extension, not a custom controller3. References:

• Testing Custom Controllers and Controller Extensions | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Testing Navigation Logic | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Build a Controller Extension | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The global access modifier declares that the class and method are known by all Apex code everywhere, not just within the same application or package namespace. This access modifier must be used for any method that must be referenced outside of the application, either in SOAP API or by other Apex code1. The other options are either incorrect or insufficient, as they do not guarantee the accessibility of the method outside the package namespace2. References:

• Access Modifiers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Global Modifier Accessing Public Elements in a Managed Package

In Salesforce, a controller and extension for a custom object on a Visualforce page can be specified using the  tag. The standardController attribute is used to associate the page with a standard or custom object, and the extensions attribute is used to specify an Apex class that extends the functionality of the standard or custom controller. The code snippet in option C, , correctly demonstrates this by associating the Visualforce page with a custom object named “Notice” and specifying an extension named “myControllerExtension”. References: You can find more information about controllers and extensions in the Visualforce Developer Guide and the [Apex Developer Guide] on Salesforce’s official website.

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert or after update, the trigger execution order cannot be guaranteed by Salesforce1. This means that the triggers may run in any order, and the order may change from one execution to another. Therefore, it is not advisable to rely on the order of execution of triggers, or to assume that the order is based on the trigger name, creation date, or modification date. Instead, it is recommended to use a single trigger per object and event, and use helper classes or methods to handle the logic for different scenarios2. References:

• Triggers and Order of Execution - Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers
• Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers - Salesforce Developers Blog

Declarative development is the process of configuring and customizing the Salesforce platform using its built-in tools, such as the setup menu, without writing any code. Declarative development has the following advantages over programmatic customization, which involves writing custom code using Apex, Visualforce, or other languages:

• Declarative development can be done by anyone who knows how to use the Salesforce user interface, without requiring any programming knowledge or skills. Programmatic customization requires a skilled developer who knows how to write, test, and debug code.
• Declarative development does not require Apex test classes, which are mandatory for deploying any custom code to production. Apex test classes are used to verify the functionality and quality of the code, and to ensure that it meets the code coverage requirement of at least 75%. Declarative development does not have this requirement, as the platform automatically validates the configuration and customization.
• Declarative development is faster and easier to implement, as it involves clicking and dragging components, setting properties, and defining rules. Programmatic customization is more time-consuming and complex, as it involves writing lines of code, using development tools, and following coding standards and best practices.

However, declarative development also has some limitations and disadvantages compared to programmatic customization, such as:

• Declarative development has lower design limits and query limits than programmatic customization. Design limits are the maximum number of components, fields, objects, rules, etc. that can be used in a Salesforce org. Query limits are the maximum number of records that can be retrieved or manipulated in a single transaction. Programmatic customization can bypass some of these limits by using techniques such as dynamic SOQL, batch Apex, or asynchronous Apex.
• Declarative development has less flexibility and control over the functionality and user interface than programmatic customization. Programmatic customization can create custom logic, automation, integration, and user interface that are not possible or supported by the declarative tools. For example, programmatic customization can use Apex triggers to execute logic before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, while declarative development can only use workflow rules or process builder to execute logic after a record is created or updated.
• Declarative development can become difficult to maintain and troubleshoot as the complexity and number of components, rules, and dependencies increase. Programmatic customization can be more organized and modular, as it can use classes, methods, variables, comments, and annotations to structure and document the code.

Therefore, the best practice is to use a combination of declarative and programmatic development, depending on the use case and the requirements. The general rule of thumb is to use declarative development whenever possible, and use programmatic customization only when necessary or when it provides significant benefits.

References:

• Programmatic vs Declarative: Are Clicks Better Than Code?
• Clicks Not Code: Benefits of Declarative Vs. Imperative Programming
• Review Developer Fundamentals Unit

• Validation Rules. This is true because validation rules are a declarative way of enforcing data quality and business logic on the Salesforce objects. Validation rules can prevent users from saving records that do not meet certain criteria, such as required fields, unique values, or custom formulas1.
• Record-Triggered Flow. This is true because record-triggered flows are a declarative way of automating business processes and logic on the Salesforce objects. Record-triggered flows can perform actions such as creating, updating, or deleting records, sending emails, or calling Apex classes when a record is created, updated, or deleted2.
• Remote Actions. This is false because remote actions are a programmatic way of invoking Apex methods from Visualforce pages or Lightning components. Remote actions require writing Apex code and using the @RemoteAction annotation to expose the methods to the client-side3.
• Batch Jobs. This is false because batch jobs are a programmatic way of processing large sets of data or records in batches using Apex. Batch jobs require writing Apex code and implementing the Database.Batchable interface to define the start, execute, and finish methods of the job.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Remote Actions
• : Batch Jobs

The TestVisible annotation allows test methods to access private or protected members of another class outside the test class. This way, the developer can write unit tests for a private method in an Apex class without changing the access modifier of the method. The SeeAllData annotation allows test methods to access all data in the organization, including records that are normally hidden from test methods. This is not related to testing private methods. Adding a test method in the Apex class is not a good practice, as it mixes production and test code in the same class. Marking the Apex class as global makes it accessible by any Apex code that has access to the class, not just test methods. This can expose the class to unwanted modifications or invocations. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Testing Best Practices, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation TestVisible, page 1
• [Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing], unit 6

The correct implementation is to implement the line amount as a numeric formula field and the order amount as a roll-up summary field. This is because formula fields can calculate values based on other fields, such as quantity and price, without requiring any code or process1. Roll-up summary fields can aggregate values from related records, such as the sum of line amounts for an order, without requiring any code or process2. This solution is the most declarative and efficient way to achieve the requirement.

References:

• 1: Create Formula Fields
• 2: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

The Trigger.old context variable returns a list of the old versions of the sObject records. This sObject list is only available in update and delete triggers1. In a before insert trigger, there are no old versions of the records, so the Trigger.old context variable is null2. References:

• 1: Trigger Context Variables | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Get Started with Apex Triggers Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

The problem of duplicate order records is caused by the integration not being able to identify the existing order record in Salesforce and creating a new one instead. To prevent this, the integration needs to use a unique identifier that can match the order record in both systems. The order number in the OMS can serve as such an identifier, if it is guaranteed to be unique and not reused. Therefore, the following actions can prevent the duplicate order records from being created in Salesforce:

• Option A: Ensure that the order number in the OMS is unique. This will ensure that there is no ambiguity or confusion when matching the order records in both systems.
• Option B: Use the order number from the OMS as an external ID. An external ID is a custom field that can be used to store a unique identifier from an external system. By using the order number from the OMS as an external ID, the integration can use the upsert operation to either insert a new order record or update an existing one based on the external ID value.

References:

• Trailhead: Data Modeling (1)
• Trailhead: Data Integration (2)
• Apex Developer Guide: Upserting Records (3)

The Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS) is a CSS framework that provides a look and feel that is consistent with Lightning Experience1. By incorporating the SLDS CSS stylesheet into the JavaScript applications, the developer can apply the same styles and components that are used in Lightning Experience, without having to rewrite the entire application or change the underlying logic. This is the quickest and most effective way to update the custom applications to match the Lightning Experience UI.

The other options are not as quick or effective as option A. Option B would require rewriting all the Visualforce pages as Lightning components, which would be time-consuming and complex, especially if the applications use a third-party JavaScript framework that is not compatible with Lightning Web Components. Option C is not valid, as there is no such attribute as enableLightning in the Visualforce page definition. Option D would enable the Visualforce pages to be accessed from Lightning Experience, Lightning Communities, and the mobile app, but it would not change the appearance or behavior of the pages to match the Lightning Experience UI. References:

• Style with Lightning Design System - Salesforce Developers
• Using the Salesforce Lightning Design System in Apps - Salesforce Developers

 A developer can use a validation rule or a trigger to prevent Opportunities from being edited when they reach the Closed/Won stage. A validation rule can check the stage value and display an error message if the user tries to modify the record. A trigger can also check the stage value and throw an exception if the user tries to update the record. Both of these strategies can enforce the business logic at the database level and prevent unwanted changes.

An after-save flow or the Process Automation settings are not suitable for this requirement, because they are executed after the record is saved to the database. They can perform actions based on the record changes, but they cannot prevent the record from being edited in the first place.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules (Salesforce Help)
• 2: Triggers (Apex Developer Guide)
• 3: Run Flows After a Record Is Saved (Lightning Flow Developer Guide)
• 4: Process Automation Settings (Salesforce Help)

 To create a form that will create a record for a custom object, the developer can use a Dynamic Form, which is a Lightning App Builder component that allows you to customize the fields and sections of a record page layout1. A Dynamic Form can also use visibility rules to display different fields based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria2. To add the functionality to the Account record page, the developer can use a Dynamic Action, which is a way to configure actions on a record page without code3. A Dynamic Action can also use visibility rules to show or hide actions based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria4. To restrict the functionality to a small group of users, the developer can create a Custom Permission, which is a way to grant access to custom processes or apps5. A Custom Permission can be assigned to a permission set or a profile, and then assigned to the users who need it. References:

• Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Help
• Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Help
• Custom Permissions | Salesforce Trailhead
• [Assign Custom Permissions | Salesforce Help]

In Apex, if a SOQL query returns more than one row and the result is assigned to a single sObject variable, an exception will be thrown. This is because a single sObject variable can only hold one record. In this case, since myAccount is declared as a single Account object, it cannot hold more than one record. If the SOQL query returns more than one Account, an unhandled exception occurs, and the code terminates. References: The behavior can be understood from the Apex Developer Guide under the section of SOQL Queries 

Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven, disposable, and fully configurable. To create scratch orgs, you need to use the Salesforce CLI, which is a command-line tool that lets you interact with Salesforce orgs and perform various tasks. You can use the Salesforce CLI to create a scratch org definition file, which specifies the features and settings of the scratch org, and then run the force:org:create command to create the scratch org. You can also use the force:org:open command to open the scratch org in a browser without logging in.

References: The use of Salesforce CLI to create scratch orgs can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Salesforce DX and scratch orgs, such as:

• Get Started with Salesforce DX
• Scratch Orgs
• Develop in Scratch Orgs

Declarative customizations are the ones that can be done using the point-and-click tools provided by Salesforce, such as Process Builder, Flow Builder, Lightning App Builder, etc. Code customizations are the ones that require writing Apex, Visualforce, or Lightning Web Components. Some of the benefits of using declarative customizations over code are:

• Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release. This means that whenever Salesforce improves or adds a new feature to its declarative tools, the existing customizations will be compatible and take advantage of the enhancement without any additional effort from the developer1.
• Declarative customizations generally require less maintenance. This is because declarative customizations are easier to create, modify, and debug than code customizations. They also do not require writing test classes or deploying to different environments, which can save time and resources2.

The other two options are not true benefits of declarative customizations over code:

• Declarative customizations do not automatically generate test classes. Test classes are only required for code customizations, and they have to be written manually by the developer. Test classes are used to ensure the quality and functionality of the code, and to meet the code coverage requirement for deployment3.
• Declarative customizations can still generate run time errors. Run time errors are the ones that occur when the application is running, and they can be caused by various factors, such as invalid data, logic errors, or system limits. Declarative customizations are not immune to run time errors, and they have to be handled properly by the developer using error handling techniques.

References:

• Clicks Not Code: Benefits of Declarative Vs. Imperative Programming - Salesforce)
• When to Click Instead of Write Code - Salesforce Developers)
• Apex Testing - Salesforce Developers)
• Error Handling in Flows - Salesforce Help)

External IDs are useful for data integration and synchronization between Salesforce and other external platforms. By mapping records based on the External ID, you can easily import, update, or upsert data from external sources without relying on the Salesforce record ID. External IDs are also indexed, which means they can speed up the SOQL queries that use them as filters or join conditions. References: External ID in Salesforce: Everything You Need To Know, Relating Records by Using an External ID, Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead

Data Export is a service that allows you to export data from your Salesforce org to a CSV file. You can use Data Export to back up your data and attachments on a regular basis. You can define a Data Export scheduled job to run weekly or monthly, and specify the objects and fields to include in the export. You can also receive an email notification when the export is complete and download the zip file containing the CSV files from the Setup menu. References:

• Data Export Service from the Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I Exam Guide
• Export Data from the Data Loader Guide
• Export Data from the Salesforce Trailhead

In this scenario, a formula field is the most appropriate choice to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets for a given project. This is because formula fields automatically calculate their values based on other fields’ values, requiring no additional maintenance or manual intervention. They are used for read-only purposes and are visible to users if they have read access to the object containing the formula field. To create the formula field, the developer can use the following expression:

IF(Total_Approved_Timesheets__c > 0, Total_Rejected_Timesheet__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c, 0)

This expression checks if the total approved timesheets is greater than zero, and if so, divides the total rejected timesheets by the total approved timesheets. Otherwise, it returns zero. This formula field will display the ratio as a decimal number, which can be formatted as a percentage if desired.

References: The use of formula fields for automatic calculations can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover objects and fields management, such as:

• Create Object Relationships
• Data Modeling
• Formula Operators and Functions by Context

Aura Components and Lightning Web Components are two technologies that are built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Both technologies are part of the Lightning Component Framework, which is a modern UI framework for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices. The Lightning Component Framework uses standard web technologies, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Web Components, to create reusable and interoperable components that can adapt to different screen sizes, devices, and orientations. The framework also provides features such as data binding, event handling, state management, and server-side integration, to enable developers to create rich and interactive user interfaces.

Aura Components are the original technology for creating Lightning components. They use a custom XML-based markup language, Aura, to define the component structure and behavior. Aura Components can respond to touch events using the ui:input component, which provides a generic input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The ui:input component also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the ontouchstart, ontouchend, ontouchmove, and ontouchcancel attributes. Aura Components are stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Lightning Web Components are the newer technology for creating Lightning components. They use standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to define the component structure and behavior. Lightning Web Components can respond to touch events using the standard HTML input element, which provides a native input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The input element also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the standard touch event listeners, such as touchstart, touchend, touchmove, and touchcancel. Lightning Web Components are also stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Visualforce Components and Visualforce Pages are two technologies that are not built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Visualforce Components are reusable UI elements that can be used in Visualforce Pages. Visualforce Pages are web pages that can display and interact with Salesforce data and logic. Visualforce Components and Pages use a custom XML-based markup language, Visualforce, to define the UI elements and behavior. Visualforce Components and Pages can be made responsive by using the Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS), which is a collection of design guidelines, components, and resources that enable developers to create consistent and beautiful user interfaces across devices. However, Visualforce Components and Pages do not have native support for touch events, and require custom JavaScript code to handle them. Visualforce Components and Pages are also stateless, meaning that they do not maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server on every request. This increases the network traffic and affects the performance and user experience.

References:

• Lightning Component Framework
• Aura Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Visualforce Developer Guide
• Salesforce Lightning Design System

 A developer can execute tests in an org using the following methods:

• Setup Menu: By browsing to setup->Apex Test Execution, the developer can select and run tests from the user interface1.
• SalesforceDX: By using the Salesforce CLI on the command line, the developer can run tests in an org using the force:apex:test:run command2. This command can also be used from Salesforce Extensions for VS Code or from within third-party continuous integration tools, such as Jenkins or CircleCI2.
• Tooling API: The developer can also run tests using the Tooling REST API. Use the /runTestsAsynchronous/ and /runTestsSynchronous/ endpoints to run tests asynchronously or synchronously3.

References:

• 1: Get a Refresh on Testing Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
• 2: Run Apex Tests | Salesforce DX Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: What are three ways for a developer to execute tests in an Org?

To support split shipments, a developer should add an Order_shipment_Group_c object and a master-detail field on Order_Line_c. The Order_shipment_Group_c object represents a group of order lines that share the same delivery method and destination address1. The master-detail field on Order_Line_c establishes a relationship between each order line and its corresponding order shipment group. This way, the shipping information can be stored in the Order_shipment_Group_c object instead of the Order_c object, and any number of order lines on a single order can be shipped to different locations.

References:

• OrderDeliveryGroup | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers

A scratch org is a temporary Salesforce instance, typically used for a specific development. To create and manage scratch orgs, a developer needs to enable the Dev Hub feature in a Salesforce org. The Dev Hub org acts as a central hub for creating and tracking scratch orgs. The Dev Hub org can be a production org, a developer edition org, or a business org. The Dev Hub feature is not available in sandboxes or environment hubs. References: Scratch Orgs | Salesforce DX Developer Guide, Get Started With Salesforce Scratch Orgs

QUESTIN NO: 4

A developer must implement a CheckPaymentProcessor class that provides check processing payment capabilities that adhere to what defined for payments in the PaymentProcessor interface. public interface PaymentProcessor { void pay(Decimal amount); } Which is the correct implementation to use the PaymentProcessor interface class?

A. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

B. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

C. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

D. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

Answer: A

To use the PaymentProcessor interface class, the CheckPaymentProcessor class must implement the interface using the implements keyword and provide a concrete implementation of the pay method with the same signature as defined in the interface. The extends keyword is used for inheritance, not for implementing interfaces. The pay method must have a body with curly braces, not a semicolon. References:

• Get Started with Platform Developer I Study Guide - Salesforce
• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I

The Apex method that is wired to the searchResults property should be defined as a static method with the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation. This annotation enables the method to be called from the Lightning component and also allows the method to be cached by the Lightning Data Service. Caching the method improves the performance and user experience of the component, as it reduces the number of server requests and displays the data faster. The cacheable attribute should be set to true only for methods that return data that does not change frequently or does not depend on the user context. The term parameter should be used to filter the Opportunities based on the user input. References: Call Apex Methods, Improve Performance with Storable Actions, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

Change sets are the native way to move metadata customizations between sandboxes and your production environment1. They have the following characteristics:

• Change sets can only be used between related organizations, such as those that are linked by a deployment connection2. You cannot use change sets to deploy metadata to unrelated organizations, such as those belonging to different customers.
• Change sets can only deploy metadata, not data. You cannot use change sets to transfer records, such as accounts, contacts, or custom objects records, from one organization to another2. To move data between organizations, you need to use a data loader tool or an API.
• Sending a change set between two orgs requires a deployment connection to be established between the source and the target org2. The deployment connection allows the source org to upload outbound change sets and the target org to receive inbound change sets. The target org can then deploy the change set to apply the metadata changes.
• Change sets can deploy custom settings data only if the custom settings are defined as hierarchy and not list. Also, the custom settings data can only be deployed to other sandboxes, not to production3.
• Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction. The source org sends the change set to the target org, but the target org does not send any confirmation or feedback to the source org. The deployment is either successful or fails as a whole, and it cannot be undone2. References:
• Everything You Need to Know About Salesforce Change Sets
• Deployments by using change sets - Salesforce Tutorial
• Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex - Salesforce Developers

An error condition formula on a validation rule on Opportunity is the automation that allows the developer to satisfy the requirement in the most efficient manner. A validation rule is a declarative feature that allows you to define criteria for data quality and integrity. It can prevent users from saving records that do not meet the specified conditions. In this case, the developer can create a validation rule on the Opportunity object that checks if the user profile is not Sales Manager, the Opportunity Status is Closed Lost, and the lost reason is blank. If these conditions are true, the validation rule can display an error message and prevent the record from being saved12.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management

A roll-up summary field calculates values from a set of related records, such as those in a related list. You can create a roll-up summary field on the object that is on the master side of a master-detail relationship, such as the Order object, and summarize the values of a field in the detail records, such as the Order Line items. You can choose the SUM roll-up type to get the total of all Order Line item totals on the Order record. This is the best practice because it does not require any code or additional actions to maintain the accuracy of the field value. References: Implement Roll-Up Summary Fields Unit | Salesforce Trailhead, Roll-Up Summary Field - Salesforce, How to create Roll-Up Summary fields in Salesforce

 A Full Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a complete duplicate copy of the production org, including all the data and configuration. A Full Sandbox is useful for testing and development purposes, as it allows the developer to perform any changes or operations without affecting the production org. A Full Sandbox also supports performance testing, load testing, and staging1.

The other options are not correct because:

• A Developer Pro Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration (metadata) and some data. A Developer Pro Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 1 GB of data1.
• A Partial Copy Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration and a sample of the data. A Partial Copy Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 5 GB of data. The data is selected based on a sandbox template that defines the objects and records to include1.
• A Production org is not a duplicate copy of itself, but the original org where the live data and processes are stored. A Production org is not meant for testing or development purposes, as any changes or operations can affect the users and the business2.

References:

• 1: Sandbox Types and Templates
• 2: Salesforce Environments

• Add a new Create Records element. This is true because the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. A Create Records element allows the developer to create one or more records of a specific object type and assign values to the fields of those records1.
• Add a new Get Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to query any existing records from the database. A Get Records element allows the developer to find and store one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria2.
• Add a new Update Records element. This is false because the developer already has an Update Records element in the flow that updates the Opportunity record. A Update Records element allows the developer to update one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria3.
• Add a new Roll back Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to undo any changes made by the flow. A Roll back Records element allows the developer to roll back the changes made by the flow to the database if an error occurs.

References:

• 1: Create Records
• 2: Get Records
• 3: Update Records
• : Roll Back Records

A record-trigger flow on Opportunity is the most efficient way for a developer to implement this requirement, because it allows the developer to automate the creation and assignment of a Task without writing any code. A record-trigger flow can be configured to run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, and it can access and update related records using flow elements1. A record-trigger flow on Opportunity can also use the $Record global variable to access the Opportunity Owner and assign the Task to them2.

An auto-launched flow on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to manually invoke the flow from another process, such as a trigger or a button3. An auto-launched flow on Task cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a lookup element, which adds complexity and reduces performance.

An Apex trigger on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to write and maintain code, which is more prone to errors and harder to debug than a flow. An Apex trigger on Task also cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a SOQL query, which consumes governor limits and increases the risk of hitting the 101 SOQL limit.

A Task action is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the user to manually create and assign the Task from the Opportunity record page. A Task action does not automate the process, and it relies on the user to remember and follow the business rule. References:

• 1: Automate Your Business Processes with Record-Triggered Flows
• 2: Use the $Record Global Variable in Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Automate Your Business Processes with Scheduled and Platform Event–Triggered Flows
• : Access and Update Related Records in Flows
• : Apex Triggers
• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Create Actions for the Action Bar

The number of times a trigger can fire depends on the number of records that are processed and the number of DML operations that are performed. Some operations can cause the trigger to fire multiple times, either by updating the same records or by updating related records. These operations include:

• Process Flows: A process flow is a declarative tool that can automate complex business processes by executing actions based on criteria. A process flow can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again1.
• Workflow Rules: A workflow rule is a declarative tool that can automate tasks and field updates based on criteria. A workflow rule can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again2.
• Roll-Up Summary fields: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates child record information into a parent record. A roll-up summary field can update the parent record when a child record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, which can cause the trigger to fire again3.

The other options do not affect the number of times a trigger can fire. Criteria-based sharing calculations and email messages do not update records or cause DML operations. References:

• Process Automation | Salesforce Help
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• Roll-Up Summary Fields | Salesforce Help

 The two scenarios that require an Apex method to be called imperatively from a Lightning web component are:

• Calling a method that makes a web service callout: A web service callout is a request that is sent from Salesforce to an external service, such as a REST or SOAP API1. Web service callouts are subject to limits and restrictions, such as the maximum number of callouts per transaction, the maximum response size, and the requirement to use asynchronous execution for long-running callouts1. Therefore, to control when the callout occurs and handle the response or errors, it is recommended to call the Apex method that makes the callout imperatively from the Lightning web component2.
• Calling a method that is not annotated with cacheable=true: The cacheable=true annotation on an Apex method indicates that the method can be cached and reused by the Lightning Data Service, which is a layer of the Lightning web component framework that manages data and metadata3. This annotation improves the performance and user experience of the Lightning web component, as it reduces the number of server round trips and network latency3. However, not all Apex methods can or should be annotated with cacheable=true, such as methods that perform DML operations, return different results for different users, or depend on the current state of the database3. In such cases, the Apex method should be called imperatively from the Lightning web component to ensure the data is fresh and consistent2.

References:

• 1: Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Call Apex Methods Imperatively | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Work with Salesforce Data | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

According to the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning objectives and documents, best practices for triggers include modularizing code by using helper classes and ensuring that the trigger only contains logic to determine which records to process. The actual processing should be done in a separate class. This makes the code more organized, reusable, and easier to test. So options A and D are correct.

• Option A suggests creating helper classes to execute the appropriate logic when a record is saved, aligning with best practices of modularizing code.
• Option D suggests maintaining all three triggers but moving the Apex logic out of the trigger definition, which also aligns with best practices.

Option B is incorrect because unifying before insert and before update triggers and using Flow for delete action is not a standard practice mentioned in the learning materials.

Option C is incorrect because although it’s often a good practice to have one trigger per object, it’s not about including all events but about organizing code execution properly.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide
• Trailhead: Apex Basics for Admins

VSCode and SFDX CLI are two tools that can be used to run a script that deploys to a sandbox. VSCode is a code editor that supports Salesforce development with the Salesforce Extension Pack1. SFDX CLI is a command-line interface that allows you to perform various tasks related to Salesforce development, such as creating projects, pushing and pulling source code, running tests, and deploying to orgs2. Both tools can be integrated with a version control system and a CI/CD pipeline to automate the deployment process to a sandbox3. Change Sets and Developer Console are not tools that can run a script that deploys to a sandbox. Change Sets are a declarative way of deploying metadata changes from one org to another. Developer Console is an integrated development environment that allows you to edit, debug, and test Apex code and Visualforce pages. Neither of them can execute a custom script that deploys to a sandbox. References: 1: Visual Studio Code - Salesforce Developers (1) 2: Salesforce CLI - Salesforce Developers (2) 3: How to Work with Developer Sandboxes and the Salesforce CLI (1 of 2) | Salesforce Developers Blog (3) : Change Sets - Salesforce Help (4) : Developer Console - Salesforce Help (5)

Unit tests are methods that verify whether a particular piece of code is working properly. Unit tests can be run synchronously or asynchronously, and can be used to test Apex classes, triggers, and Visualforce controllers. Unit tests can also use system methods to set or override certain system properties, such as the current user, the current time, or the created date of a record. These methods are useful for testing different scenarios or behaviors that depend on these properties. For example, a unit test can use the System.runAs() method to execute a block of code as a different user, or the System.Test.setCreatedDate() method to set the created date of an sObject to a past or future date. See Testing Apex1 for more details. References: 1: Testing Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce