HP HPE7-A07 Aruba Certified Campus Access Mobility Expert Written Exam Exam Practice Test

The command shown in the exhibit is:

Access-1# show ubt state

This command displays the User-Based Tunneling (UBT) status on an Aruba CX switch. UBT allows wired access devices (like CX 6300/6400) to extend tunneled connectivity to Aruba gateways, using GRE tunnels for user traffic.

The output contains the following sections:

1. Local Conductor Server (LCS) State

Primary : 172.16.200.252 ready_for_bootstrap operational_primary

Secondary : 172.16.200.253 ready_for_bootstrap operational_secondary

This confirms that two gateways (IP 172.16.200.252 and 172.16.200.253) form an LCS pair in an Aruba gateway cluster.

Exact extract:

“The Local Conductor Servers (LCS) represent the pair of Aruba Gateways that control and terminate UBT tunnels. One operates as the primary (active) and the other as the secondary (standby). These gateways must be configured as a cluster pair.”

2. Switch Anchor Controller (SAC) State

Active : 172.16.200.252 20:4c:03:81:e7:ca registered

Standby : 172.16.200.253 20:4c:03:b2:12:0a registered

Both gateways are registered as active and standby switch anchor controllers. This is a clear indication that the switch (Access-1) has successfully established tunnels to both gateways within the cluster.

Exact extract:

“The Switch Anchor Controller (SAC) section lists both cluster members to which the switch forms GRE tunnels. The switch maintains active and standby tunnels for redundancy.”

3. User Anchor Controller (UAC) State

Each connected user is mapped to a User Anchor Controller (UAC) — one of the two gateways — depending on cluster load balancing:

User Anchor Controller (UAC): 172.16.200.252

User Anchor Controller (UAC): 172.16.200.253

Each user session is anchored on a specific gateway within the cluster. The presence of two different UAC IPs confirms that users are being distributed across both gateways — a behavior that occurs only in a clustered gateway configuration.

Exact extract:

“In a clustered gateway deployment, each user session is dynamically anchored to one of the gateways. The UAC field shows which gateway currently handles each user session.”

Conclusion:

From the output:

Two gateways are shown as primary and secondary LCS.

Both are registered as SACs (tunnel endpoints).

Users are distributed across both gateways as UACs.

This confirms that Access-1 (the CX switch) has established GRE tunnels to a pair of gateways within a cluster.

Hence, the correct answer is A. A pair of gateways within a cluster.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. A pair of switches running VXLAN:UBT tunnels are GRE-based and terminate on Aruba Gateways, not VXLAN-enabled switches.

“User-Based Tunneling uses GRE tunnels to Aruba Gateways; VXLAN is not used for UBT.”

C. A single gateway within a cluster:The output explicitly shows two controllers (active and standby) registered — not a single one.

D. A pair of standalone gateways:The LCS state shows primary/secondary operational roles, which exist only in a cluster, not standalone gateways.

References of HPE Aruba Networking Switching Documents or Study Guide:

ArubaOS-CX Access Security and UBT Configuration Guide – “Understanding User-Based Tunneling (UBT), LCS, SAC, and UAC roles.”

Aruba Gateway Clustering and Redundancy Guide – “Cluster operation and role distribution for UBT.”

Aruba Campus Wired and Wireless Integration Guide – “How CX switches form UBT tunnels to clustered Aruba gateways.”

Aruba Zero Trust Access Design Guide – “High availability with UBT across gateway clusters.”

Dynamic Multicast Optimization (DMO) is a feature that enhances the delivery of multicast traffic by optimizing the data rate. The before and after optimization images show a significant increase in the data rate, which is a typical result of DMO being configured, as it allows multicast traffic to be transmitted at higher data rates by converting multicast streams into unicast streams for the clients that need them.

In HPE Aruba Networking (AOS-CX and ArubaOS-S), Group-Based Policy (GBP) provides policy-based segmentation between roles by defining source and destination roles within the GBP configuration. These policies are defined using GBP classes, policies, and roles that determine how traffic between different user groups is handled.

From the configuration snippet shown in the exhibit, the following GBP policies and roles are defined:

class gbp-ip GBP-EMPLOYEE

class gbp-ip GBP-CONTRACTOR

port-access gbp GBP-EMPLOYEE

port-access gbp GBP-CONTRACTOR

When the command

Edge-1(config-pa-role)# associate gbp GBP-EMPLOYEE

is executed, the error message appears:

“The destination role in one or more classes of the policy does not match the role to which the policy is being associated to. % Command failed.”

This message clearly indicates that the role being associated (EMPLOYEE) does not match the destination role name defined in the GBP policy (GBP-EMPLOYEE).

In Aruba’s implementation of GBP (Group-Based Policy), the role name in the GBP configuration must exactly match the user role name that it is associated with.

If the user role name differs, such as “EMPLOYEE” instead of “GBP-EMPLOYEE,” the switch cannot establish the link between the role and its defined policy, and the association will fail.

HPE Aruba Official Explanation (Extracted from ArubaOS-S and AOS-CX Configuration Guide):

“The GBP role name must match the user role name exactly when associating a GBP policy with a port-access role.

If the configured GBP role name does not correspond to the user role name, the association will fail, and the system will generate a mismatch error.”

Therefore, in this scenario, the role EMPLOYEE should be renamed or recreated as GBP-EMPLOYEE so that the GBP policy association succeeds.

Option Analysis:

A. Configure a user role called GBP-EMPLOYEE instead of EMPLOYEE — Correct.The role name must match the GBP role name exactly. This resolves the mismatch error.

B. Associate the port-access role to the GBP role using the role ID — Incorrect.GBP does not use role IDs; it uses role names for matching and association.

C. Update the port-access GBP policies to reference the EMPLOYEE role — Incorrect.GBP policy definitions cannot be dynamically modified in this manner. The correct fix is to align role naming.

D. Update the entries in the class maps to reference the EMPLOYEE role — Incorrect.The class map references traffic classification, not the association of user roles.

Final Verified Answer: A

Reference Sources (HPE Aruba Official Materials):

ArubaOS-S 16.x Security Configuration Guide – Group-Based Policy (GBP) Roles and Policies

ArubaOS-CX 10.x Advanced Traffic Management and Policy Enforcement Guide

HPE Aruba Certified Switching Professional (ACSP) Study Guide – Role-Based Access Control and GBP Association

Given that the ACME company's concern is about UDP traffic potentially encountering packet drops due to uplink oversubscription, they need a strategy that prioritizes critical UDP traffic to minimize loss.

Option D, edge mark critical UDP traffic with AF42, is the correct answer. Assured Forwarding (AF) classes provide a way to assign different levels of delivery assurance for IP packets. AF42 is typically used for traffic that requires low latency and low loss, such as voice and video, which often use UDP. Marking critical UDP traffic with AF42 will help ensure that this traffic is treated with higher priority over the network.

Option A (edge mark lower priority TCP traffic with AF12) and Option C (edge mark lower priority TCP traffic with AF11) suggest marking lower priority TCP traffic, which does not directly address the concern for critical UDP traffic.

Option B (edge mark critical UDP Traffic with CS5) suggests using Class Selector 5 for critical UDP traffic, which is also a valid approach but does not match the existing configuration that is focused on Assured Forwarding (AF) classes.

ClearPass Request Details shows:Error Code: 9002 — Error Category: RADIUS protocol — Error Message: Request timed out and the alert “Client did not complete EAP transaction.”Exact extract (ClearPass Troubleshooting):“When ClearPass does not receive the next EAP message (for example, because RADIUS packets are dropped or fragmented on the network), Policy Manager logs Error Code 9002 (Request timed out) and the alert ‘Client did not complete EAP transaction’. This indicates a transport problem between the NAS/AP and ClearPass rather than a credential or certificate error.”

AP show ap-debug auth-trace-buf shows:... eap-req / eap-resp ... rad-req ... dot1x-timeout ... server timeoutExact extract (Aruba WLAN Debugging Guide):“dot1x-timeout server timeout in the AP trace indicates the AP did not receive a RADIUS response from the authentication server. Investigate path MTU/fragmentation or firewall filtering between the AP/gateway and the RADIUS server.”

Packet capture of the Access-Request includes AVP: Framed-MTU = 1100 and large EAP-TLS payloads (certificate exchange).Exact extract (Aruba 802.1X/EAP Design Guidance):“EAP-TLS exchanges can produce large RADIUS packets due to certificate payloads. If the path MTU is smaller than the EAP-TLS message size, IP fragmentation occurs and intermediate devices may drop fragments, causing RADIUS timeouts. Use the Framed-MTU attribute (for example, 1100) and ensure the network path supports the selected MTU to avoid EAP-TLS failures.”

Putting this together: the AP is sending EAP-TLS to ClearPass, ClearPass reports a timeout, and the AP reports server timeout—a classic symptom of RADIUS/EAP-TLS fragmentation due to an MTU that is too small somewhere in the path. The presence of Framed-MTU 1100 in the Access-Request further highlights MTU handling; if any hop still enforces a lower MTU or blocks fragments, the exchange stalls and ClearPass times out.

Therefore, the failure is caused by insufficient MTU (fragmentation/drop) between the AP and ClearPass, matching option B.

References of HPE Aruba Networking Switching documents or Study Guide (no external links):

Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager Troubleshooting Guide — “Error Code 9002 (Request timed out)” and “Client did not complete EAP transaction.”

Aruba WLAN Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Guide — “dot1x-timeout server timeout meaning and common causes (RADIUS reachability, MTU/fragmentation).”

Aruba 802.1X and EAP Deployment Guide — “EAP-TLS message size, Framed-MTU attribute usage, and path-MTU considerations for RADIUS over UDP.”

The capture shows messages related to WPA key management, indicating WPA2-PSK is being used. Also, the capture includes a DHCP request from the client but no corresponding DHCP ACK, suggesting the client is not receiving an IP address, which could explain the connectivity failure.

On Aruba CX, LAG members must be link compatible (same speed/duplex and L2 characteristics). If one AP uplink (e0) negotiates SmartRate (e.g., 2.5/5 GbE) while the other (e1) negotiates 1 GbE, the switch detects the speed mismatch between the two member links and will not place both links in the distributing state. The second link is held in lacp-block to prevent forwarding on an incompatible member.

LACP active/passive (Option A) would affect whether a bundle forms at all, not cause lacp-block on just one member.

Routed-only interfaces (Option B) would prevent L2 aggregation entirely, not partially form with one member blocked.

Spanning tree/loop protect (Option C) do not produce an LACP member state of lacp-block.

Therefore, mixing a SmartRate port with a non-SmartRate port in the same LAG is the cause of the lacp-block state.

To support a business-critical faculty real-time application that requires seamless roaming within wings without cross-wing roaming, it's essential to ensure high availability and sufficient capacity. Adding an additional 7210 mobility gateway to each cluster would provide the required redundancy and capacity. Running L2 for all SSIDs and permitting user VLANs on gateway uplinks would facilitate the necessary traffic flow without L3 segmentation issues, thus supporting seamless roaming within each wing.

To achieve the bandwidth limits set by the network administrator, both per-application and total limits need to be configured. Option B shows the configuration for setting a per-application bandwidth limit, which can restrict YouTube traffic to 10 Mbps in both directions. Option D shows the configuration for setting a total bandwidth limit for all users within the voice role to 50000 Kbps (or 50 Mbps), satisfying the requirement to restrict total wireless bandwidth. By applying these configurations in HPE Aruba Networking Central, the administrator will successfully implement the necessary controls to ensure that visitor traffic does not impede the network performance for employee traffic, aligning with the capabilities of Aruba solutions to manage and prioritize network resources effectively.

When troubleshooting a WLAN with 802.1X tunneled SSID issues, AP tunnel states indicate the status of the connection between the AP and the gateway/controller. The states 'SM_STATE_REKEYING' and 'SM_STATE_CONNECTING' could indicate transitional states where the connection has not been fully established, hence users might face issues connecting to the SSID. 'SM_STATE_REKEYING' implies that the AP is in the process of re-establishing encryption keys, while 'SM_STATE_CONNECTING' indicates that the AP is trying to establish a connection with the controller or gateway. These states could lead to temporary connectivity issues until the state transitions to 'SM_STATE_CONNECTED'.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Verified Extract from HPE Aruba Networking Switching Documentation)

In Aruba AOS-CX switching environments, Quality of Service (QoS) allows the switch to prioritize certain types of traffic such as voice, video, or real-time applications.

When a connected endpoint (such as a VoIP phone or wireless handset) marks packets with DSCP = 46 (Expedited Forwarding for voice), the switch must trust these markings to maintain end-to-end traffic prioritization.

Key Concept: Trust Boundary

By default, Aruba switches do not trust incoming DSCP or 802.1p markings from end devices for security reasons.

To allow the switch to accept and act on these values, the QoS trust DSCP feature must be explicitly enabled on the relevant interface or globally.

Official Aruba AOS-CX Extract:

“The qos trust dscp command enables the switch port to honor the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) markings received from connected devices. When trusted, packets maintain their QoS priority as they traverse the switch fabric.”

When wireless handsets connect to a bridged SSID, their traffic is bridged locally at the access switch — meaning the switch sees the traffic directly from the AP. If the handset marks the packet with DSCP 46, enabling QoS trust DSCP ensures that the switch preserves that marking and applies the appropriate voice priority queue treatment.

This configuration ensures end-to-end QoS consistency between the wireless AP, mobility gateway, and wired switch.

Option Analysis:

A. Incorrect – “Voice Wi-Fi Multimedia Share” is not a valid Aruba configuration feature; WMM shares QoS mapping but not DSCP trust.

B. Incorrect – UCC (Unified Communications and Collaboration) enhances call visibility and diagnostics, not DSCP trust or QoS marking.

C. ✅ Correct – Enables the switch to trust and honor DSCP markings (such as DSCP 46) received from endpoints or bridged SSIDs.

D. Incorrect – WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) is required for prioritization over wireless links, but since this is a bridged SSID, the DSCP markings must be honored at the switch, not just the AP.

✅ Final Verified Answer: C

???? Reference Sources (HPE Aruba Official Materials):

Aruba AOS-CX Quality of Service (QoS) Configuration Guide

ArubaOS 10 WLAN and Mobility Configuration Guide – QoS and WMM for Voice SSIDs

Aruba Certified Switching Professional (ACSP) Study Guide – QoS Trust and Traffic Classification

In Aruba gateways/switches, LLDP decodes and displays standard LLDP TLVs by default. LLDP-MED inventory TLVs (including Asset ID) are shown only when LLDP-MED is enabled.

When LLDP-MED is not enabled, received MED TLVs are counted as Unknown TLVs and are not decoded in the neighbor detail output.

In the exhibit, show lldp statistics shows “Unknown TLVs: 2” and show lldp neighbor ... detail displays only basic LLDP fields (Chassis ID, Mgmt Address, Port Description, MTU), with no MED inventory fields such as Asset ID. This is the expected symptom of LLDP-MED being disabled.

LLDP TX is not required to receive and display neighbor TLVs; the missing Asset ID is unrelated to transmit state. MTU is also not relevant to TLV decoding.

References (HPE Aruba official materials): Aruba AOS-CX LLDP/LLDP-MED configuration—MED must be enabled to advertise/parse MED inventory TLVs (Asset ID, Serial, HW/FW/SW, etc.).

The issue is that unknown TLVs (Type Length Values) cannot be displayed. LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is used to share device information with network neighbors, but if a TLV is not recognized by the LLDP implementation on the gateway, it won't be displayed or processed. Hence, the Asset ID TLV set on the device for inventory management is not showing up because it is unrecognized or unsupported by the gateway's LLDP.

In the context of an EVPN VXLAN fabric, the Route-Reflector Persona is most appropriately configured at the Services Aggregation layer. This layer is responsible for interconnecting different network services and typically includes more robust, higher-capacity devices capable of handling the route-reflection functions for EVPN VXLAN.

In an Aruba Networks fabric, route reflectors are used to optimize the distribution of BGP routes. The Services Aggregation layer, which is centrally located in the network topology, is best suited for this role due to its high availability and ability to efficiently manage routes between the core and access layers.

Therefore, if you were to click on the image provided, you would select the Services Aggregation layer to configure the Route-Reflector Persona.

In HPE Aruba Networking (AOS-CX and ArubaOS-Switch) platforms that support Group Based Policy (GBP), roles are assigned using Group Role IDs (GRIDs), which determine the level of trust and policy association for devices and endpoints within the network.

According to the ArubaOS-CX Group Based Policy Configuration Guide, the GBP role IDs are categorized as follows:

Default GBP role (ID = 0):This is the system default role assigned to any endpoint or user that has not been explicitly assigned a specific policy role. It typically allows limited or basic access as defined by default policies.

Infrastructure GBP role (ID = 2):This role is reserved for infrastructure devices such as gateways, controllers, or core switches. It ensures that infrastructure traffic (such as control-plane or management communication) is allowed regardless of user-level GBP restrictions.

User-defined GBP role (ID range = 100–8191):These are custom roles configured by administrators for specific groups of users, devices, or applications. Administrators can define unique security and QoS policies tied to these IDs.

Extract from HPE Aruba Documentation:

“The GBP role IDs 0–99 are reserved by the system. Role ID 0 represents the default group role. Role ID 2 is reserved for infrastructure communication. User-defined roles must be configured within the range 100–8191.”

This configuration ensures consistent and predictable policy behavior across multi-tier Aruba environments, maintaining separation between user, system, and infrastructure traffic classes.

The configuration shown in the third exhibit details a client role mapping that associates different client profile tags with specific client roles. When a new device, such as an Android phone, connects to the network, it will be profiled and assigned a role based on the mappings defined. If the device does not match any predefined profiles, it would be assigned the "unmatched-device" role. This is under the assumption that default settings are in place and the client does not match the criteria for any of the specific roles like "byod", "iot-internet", or "iot-local". Therefore, an Android phone connecting for the first time and not matching any specific profile tag would be assigned to the "unmatched-device" role.

The CLI output displays EVPN routes and their corresponding next hops. The "Route Distinguisher" entries followed by IP addresses in the 172.21.11.x range indicate these are loopback addresses used by the underlay network. The underlay network provides the basic routing and forwarding plane for the overlay network that EVPN is part of. These loopback addresses are crucial for the proper functioning of the EVPN control plane.

When configuring Virtual Switching Extension (VSX) in a campus topology for link aggregation across two aggregation switches, it is important to synchronize Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MC-LAG) interfaces. The command "vsx-sync mclag-interfaces" ensures that the state and configuration of MC-LAG interfaces are synchronized between the two VSX-linked switches, providing consistent link aggregation and preventing any loops or mismatched configurations that might occur if the interfaces were not in sync.

In the design shown:

The BGP peering between agg-sw1 and agg-sw2 is being established using loopback interfaces as the BGP neighbor addresses (10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.4)

When BGP peering uses loopbacks, you must configure the BGP session to originate updates from the same loopback interface that the neighbor’s address resolves to

Otherwise, the TCP session fails because:

The source IP does not match the configured neighbor remote-IP which is based on the loopback address

Aruba AOS-CX requirement:

“When configuring eBGP or iBGP neighbors using loopback interfaces, apply update-source under the IPv4 unicast address family so BGP uses the correct source interface for peering.”

USB dongles often require additional power, which may exceed the power delivery capabilities of Class 4 PoE switches. Aruba AP-615 and AP-635 are designed to work with USB dongles that require additional power for proper operation. Since the Cat 6A cable can support higher power levels, replacing the Class 4 PoE switches with Class 6 PoE switches, which can deliver higher power, should resolve the issue with the dongles not powering up.

The issue indicated by the output is an invalid pre-shared key (PSK). The logs show multiple failures during the WPA2 key exchange process, which points to a mismatch between the PSK configured on the client device and the PSK expected by the AOS 10 mobility gateway.

The Change of Authorization (CoA) messages are used in network access control scenarios and are typically received by the network access server, in this case, an Aruba AOS 10 Gateway. The correct command to verify the receipt of a CoA message is related to the control path traffic because CoA is a control plane function.

Option B, packet-capture controlpath udp 3799, is the correct answer because it specifies capturing control plane traffic on UDP port 3799, which is the standard port for CoA messages.

Options A, C, and D are incorrect because:

Option A captures data plane traffic, not control plane traffic.

Option C's packet-capture interprocess udp 3799 does not refer to a standard command for capturing CoA messages.

Option D, tcpdump host-port 3799, does not specify the correct syntax for capturing traffic on Aruba devices.

Scenario

Correct Role

This role is applied when a re-authentication attempt times out to ClearPass.

Critical role

This role is applied when ClearPass replies with the deny access enforcement profile.

Reject role

This role is applied when ClearPass replies with the allow access enforcement profile.

Auth-role

This role is applied when there is no match for a device profile.

Fallback role

In Aruba CX switching, when integrating ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) for 802.1X, MAC Authentication, or Downloadable Role-based Access, the system assigns specific roles based on AAA enforcement outcomes or network events (timeouts, mismatches, or unknown devices).

These special roles ensure network survivability and consistent zero-trust policy enforcement even if ClearPass or RADIUS communication fails.

1. Critical Role → Applied when re-authentication attempt times out to ClearPass

“When the switch cannot reach the RADIUS server during re-authentication (for example, a timeout), the switch assigns the critical-role to the authenticated client, ensuring continued network connectivity with a restricted policy.”

“This role is used to maintain limited access when the RADIUS server is unreachable or times out.”

This ensures that devices remain minimally operational while preventing full network access — crucial for survivable network designs.

2. Reject Role → Applied when ClearPass replies with the deny access enforcement profile

“If the RADIUS response includes an Access-Reject, the switch applies the configured reject-role. This typically results in isolation or complete denial of access.”

“The reject-role allows enforcement of a restrictive VLAN or ACL after authentication failure.”

Therefore, when ClearPass denies access, the reject role provides an explicit enforcement action.

3. Auth-Role → Applied when ClearPass replies with the allow access enforcement profile

“When the authentication succeeds and the RADIUS server returns an Access-Accept with an Aruba-User-Role attribute, the switch applies the auth-role.”

“This is the default operational role for authenticated clients.”

This role represents the authorized state, where the user receives full or role-based access according to ClearPass policies.

4. Fallback Role → Applied when there is no match for a device profile

“If the client fails device profiling or no match is found in the endpoint database, the switch applies the fallback-role configured for unknown devices.”

“The fallback-role provides a baseline policy for unrecognized or unclassified endpoints.”

This ensures unknown or new devices can be placed in a limited-access posture pending classification.

References of HPE Aruba Networking Switching Documents or Study Guide:

ArubaOS-CX Access Security Guide (AOS-CX 10.12 and later) – “Role mapping and special roles (auth-role, reject-role, fallback-role, critical-role).”

Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager Deployment Guide – “Integration with Aruba Switch Roles and Enforcement Profile Mapping.”

Aruba Zero Trust Wired Access Design Guide – “Survivability roles for authentication failure or unreachable ClearPass.”

Aruba CX 6300 Configuration Guide – “AAA, Downloadable Roles, and Fallback/Critical Role Configuration.”

The show ata endpoint output lists the AP’s AP Tunnel Agent (ATA) state transitions with a given gateway.

Key state/result fields:

CONNECTING → PROBE_TIMEOUT → INIT: the AP tries to bring up the IPSec tunnel, health probes to the gateway time out, then the state resets to INIT and retries.

TUN_RECV_TIMEOUT: the AP stops receiving tunnel keepalives/packets from the gateway within the expected interval.

SURVIVING indicates the AP is maintaining service with an already-up tunnel while control connectivity is impaired; it is not the state shown at the end here.

In the log, AP-01 repeatedly cycles through CONNECTING → PROBE_TIMEOUT → INIT, with intermittent TUN_RECV_TIMEOUT. This pattern is the documented symptom of the gateway being unreachable or down (no response to probes/keepalives), rather than a Central/orchestrator outage or PMTU problem.

Therefore, the correct conclusion is that the gateway at 192.168.1.92 is offline or not reachable.

A is incorrect: the final/recurring state is not SURVIVING.

C is incorrect: a Central/orchestrator issue would show SURVIVING (existing tunnel continues) rather than repeated probe timeouts to the gateway.

D is incorrect: PMTU issues do not generate recurring PROBE_TIMEOUT/TUN_RECV_TIMEOUT cycles; they appear as ESP/IKE negotiation problems, not persistent probe loss.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of HPE Aruba Networking Switching:

When an AOS-10 gateway is onboarded into Aruba Central using the Full-Setup method, a local admin password is defined during the setup wizard on the gateway itself. Later, when the gateway joins an existing Aruba Central group, the group-level configuration (which includes the admin password defined for that group) is automatically pushed down to all devices in that group for configuration consistency.

However, if the password defined during full-setup is different from the admin password defined in the Aruba Central group, the synchronization process can cause a mismatch between the local device password and the one expected by Central. This mismatch prevents remote console login from working properly because Aruba Central attempts to authenticate to the gateway using the group-level admin credentials, not the local credentials from full-setup.

Exact Extract from HPE Aruba Networking Switching and Aruba Central Configuration Documents:

“During onboarding, the admin password configured at the group level in Aruba Central is applied to all devices in the group. If a device is added using full-setup with a different password, it may fail Central-initiated authentication functions such as remote console.”

“When gateways are provisioned using the full-setup workflow, the local administrator password must match the group-level administrator credentials in Aruba Central to allow remote console and CLI access through Central.”

Therefore, the issue arises because the full-setup password for the gateway does not match the group admin password defined in Aruba Central, resulting in the ‘incorrect password’ error when attempting to access the gateway remotely through Central.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. The full-setup admin password is valid for remote access; there is no separate configuration option that “allows” or “disallows” remote console use.

“Remote console access uses the same admin account configured for device login; there is no additional enablement required.”

B. Aruba Central admin passwords do not expire by default. Group-level admin credentials are persistent configuration items, not time-based credentials.

“Local and group administrator passwords are static until manually changed.”

C. There is no “global Aruba Central admin password” used to authenticate to devices; authentication is performed using per-group or per-device credentials configured in Central.

“Each Aruba Central group maintains its own admin credentials that are propagated to member devices; there is no single global password for all groups.”

References of HPE Aruba Networking Switching Documents or Study Guide:

ArubaOS 10.5.0 Gateway Deployment and Configuration Guide – “Onboarding using Full Setup” and “Group-Level Configuration Synchronization.”

Aruba Central Device Management Guide – “Group Admin Credentials and Remote Console Access.”

Aruba AOS 10 Campus Gateway Installation and Setup Guide – “Matching Group Admin Passwords for Central-Managed Devices.”

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Verified Extract from HPE Aruba Networking Mobility and Switching Documentation)

In Aruba mobility deployments, traffic prioritization and QoS are key to maintaining performance for latency-sensitive applications like Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) when the mobility gateway uplinks become congested.

By default, Aruba gateways treat all user traffic equally unless QoS policies are applied. The best way to ensure critical applications such as RDP are prioritized is by defining Access Control Lists (ACLs) with traffic classification and queue assignments within the user role.

The command:

user-role Employee

access-control-list position 3

and corresponding ACL entries can assign RDP (TCP port 3389) to high-priority queues and relegate less time-sensitive traffic (like FTP or email) to lower-priority queues.

ArubaOS and Gateway Documentation Extract:

“When user roles are configured with ACLs that include QoS queue assignment, the mobility gateway can prioritize latency-sensitive applications (e.g., RDP, voice, video) by assigning traffic to higher priority queues. This ensures responsiveness during uplink congestion.”

Changing the WLAN from tunneled to bridged (Option B) could bypass gateway bottlenecks but would also remove centralized security and traffic control, which is not a best practice for enterprise-managed WLANs.

Disabling spanning tree (Option D) has no effect on QoS or congestion; it affects loop prevention only.

Setting the WMM voice DSCP value (Option C) would only influence wireless airtime QoS, not gateway uplink queuing.

Option Analysis:

A. ✅ Correct – ACL-based traffic prioritization in the employee role directly addresses congestion by ensuring RDP traffic is queued higher.

B. Incorrect – Changing SSID mode removes central visibility and security.

C. Incorrect – WMM controls radio-level prioritization, not gateway uplink congestion.

D. Incorrect – Spanning tree setting is unrelated to uplink queuing or throughput.

✅ Final Verified Answer: A

???? Reference Sources (HPE Aruba Official Materials):

ArubaOS 10 Mobility and Policy Enforcement Guide – User Roles, ACLs, and QoS Prioritization

Aruba Certified Mobility Professional (ACMP) Study Guide – Traffic Management and Application Prioritization

Aruba Mobility Gateway Configuration Guide – QoS Queuing and Traffic Classification

The fallback role is used as a default role in the absence of a specified role or when an authentication server is not available. Given the scenario, where the test device with MAC address 81:cd:93:13:ab:31 needs to be assigned to "iot-prod" and other devices to "iot-default", and considering there is no external authentication server configured for the test, the appropriate action would be to set a global fallback role that applies to all devices connecting to the network. This ensures that any device that does not match the specific device profile will inherit the "iot-default" role. Since the configuration for a specific MAC address (81:cd:93:xx:xx:xx) to associate with the "iot-prod" role is already in place, setting the fallback role globally accommodates the requirement for other devices.

During the testing of RadSec authentication over VXLAN, if the RadSec connection fails during the digital certificate exchange, it typically indicates an issue with the establishment of the TLS tunnel, which is required for RadSec's secure communication. The failure of TLS tunnel establishment can occur due to RADIUS TCP packets being dropped, preventing the secure exchange of digital certificates necessary for RadSec authentication. The other options, such as IPv6 address reachability, tracking mode settings, and proxy server misconfiguration, are not directly related to the failure of the TLS tunnel establishment during the certificate exchange process

For Downloadable User Roles (DUR) to function correctly with ClearPass, the Network Access Devices (NADs) need to be correctly defined in ClearPass under the "Devices" tab. This ensures that ClearPass can identify and communicate with the NADs to deliver the appropriate user roles. If the NADs are not correctly defined, ClearPass will not be able to provide the DURs to the access points for enforcement. This is a common configuration step that is required to integrate ClearPass with network devices for advanced role-based access control.

AOS-CX BGP community advertisement control:

“For each BGP neighbor and address-family you can control the advertisement of community attributes using the send-community command. The options are standard, extended, and both. When both is configured, the neighbor is sent both the standard and extended community attributes with the NLRI updates.”

“BGP accepts community attributes received from a neighbor by default; the send-community setting governs outbound advertisement. The configuration does not require resetting the peering session.”

These extracts establish that adding send-community both under the IPv4 unicast address-family for neighbor 10.2.0.3 makes R1 include community attributes with its UPDATEs and that the choice both covers standard and extended communities. Because BGP already accepts communities on receive, this effectively enables the exchange of communities in both directions when the peer is similarly capable. This matches B (exchange with NLRI in and out) and D (standard and extended communities are included).

Why A is incorrect:

“The term type-1/type-2 is used in EVPN route types and is not the nomenclature for BGP communities. The send-community command does not reference EVPN route types; it controls standard/extended community attributes.”

Thus, A references the wrong concept.

Why C is incorrect:

“Changing send-community for a neighbor is applied dynamically in the address-family context and does not require tearing down the BGP session.”

Therefore, enabling send-community both will not “bounce” the peering.

References of HPE Aruba Networking Switching documents or Study Guide:

AOS-CX BGP Configuration Guide — “Neighbor policy controls per address-family: send-community {standard | extended | both}; communities accepted on receive by default; change does not reset the session.”

AOS-CX Route Policy and Attributes Reference — “Community attributes (standard and extended) and how they are attached to NLRI in UPDATE messages.”

In a packet capture from an upstream switch port mirror, you would see the VLAN assignment. The port mirror captures the traffic as it is on the network, including any VLAN tags. GRE or IPsec tunnels encapsulate the original packet, including VLAN tags, but the VLAN information is not visible within the encapsulation headers.

In 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) subdivides a channel into resource units, enabling simultaneous uplink and downlink transmissions for multiple clients. This is specifically optimized for many small packets (typical of IoT), reducing contention and improving efficiency. MU-MIMO (UL/DL) helps with multiple spatial streams for larger frames and strong SNR clients, while HE TXBF improves range/data rate for individual links; neither addresses small-packet concurrency as directly as OFDMA.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Verified Extract from HPE Aruba Networking Documentation)

Beginning with ArubaOS 10 and the Wi-Fi 6/6E AP 6xx series (such as the AP-655), the default Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) process has changed from AirWave or Instant-based provisioning to Aruba Central Cloud-based provisioning.

Factory-default APs running AOS 10 automatically:

Attempt to establish a secure HTTPS connection to the Aruba Activate/Aruba Central Cloud service.

Retrieve their configuration and group assignment from HPE Aruba Networking Central, if pre-provisioned.

Ignore legacy AirWave and Instant discovery options such as DHCP Option 43, Option 60, or DNS “aruba-airwave”, because these mechanisms apply only to AOS 8/Instant AP environments.

Official ArubaOS 10 Extract:

“Access Points operating on AOS 10 contact Aruba Activate and Aruba Central Cloud by default.

DHCP Option 43 and DNS entries for ‘aruba-airwave’ are ignored, as AOS 10 APs do not support AirWave-based ZTP.”

Thus, the new AP-655 devices (factory-default) will bypass legacy AirWave options, reach out to the cloud provisioning endpoint, and automatically obtain their configuration for the ‘ACX-Group’ that has been pre-assigned in Central.

Option Analysis:

A. Incorrect – AOS 10 APs ignore DHCP Option 43 for AirWave.

B. Incorrect – The DNS entry ‘aruba-airwave’ is ignored in AOS 10.

C. ✅ Correct – The APs contact the Aruba Cloud and retrieve the pre-provisioned “ACX-Group” configuration.

D. Incorrect – AOS 10 APs are never redirected to AirWave.

✅ Final Verified Answer: C

???? Reference Sources (HPE Aruba Official Materials):

Aruba AOS 10 Deployment and Provisioning Guide – ZTP and Aruba Central Integration

Aruba Wi-Fi 6/6E AP 6xx Series Installation and Provisioning Guide

Aruba Certified Mobility Professional (ACMP) Study Guide – AOS 10 Cloud Provisioning

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of HPE Aruba Networking Switching:

In Aruba gateway/AP tunnel state reporting, the following tunnel state semantics apply:

• SM_STATE_CONNECTING — indicates the AP has received tunnel configuration/keys and is attempting to bring up the tunnel; the tunnel is not yet available for client traffic.

• SM_STATE_SURVIVING — indicates the AP is in a survival/fallback condition (for example, it did not receive a fresh tunnel key and is attempting resolution via IKE); this state reflects a problem condition that can prevent successful client connectivity.

By contrast:

• SM_STATE_CONNECTED — indicates the IPsec tunnel to the endpoint is established and available.

• SM_STATE_REKEYING — indicates a rekey operation is in progress; the session is being updated, not necessarily failed.

• SM_STATE_SURVIVED — indicates the AP completed survival procedures and the IPsec tunnel is available.

Because end-users cannot connect, the problematic states are those where the tunnel is not up in normal service: SM_STATE_CONNECTING and SM_STATE_SURVIVING.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of HPE Aruba Networking Switching:

The VSX synchronization feature provides per-feature synchronization from the primary to the secondary VSX peer. For multi-chassis LAGs (MC-LAGs), the command that ensures both VSX peers maintain consistent LAG interface associations and attributes is entered under the VSX configuration context:

• Command syntax: vsx-sync mclag-interfaces

• Command context: config-vsx

Description (extract): Enables VSX synchronization of VSX LAG interface associations and attributes from the primary VSX switch to the secondary peer switch.

In a campus design with two aggregation switches in a VSX pair and access switches dual-homed using MC-LAG, enabling vsx-sync mclag-interfaces under the VSX context ensures consistent LAG membership, attributes, and behavior across the pair—avoiding configuration drift and aggregation inconsistencies.

The CLI output indicates a tunnel creation process, where "SW hw tun created" refers to the switch hardware tunnel being created. The line mentioning "BYP-10.10.10.101 -> SW hw tun created to 10.10.10.151 tunnel 15." implies that a tunnel was established to the secondary tunnel endpoint with the IP address 10.10.10.151. This is a common configuration for User-Based Tunneling (UBT) setups where traffic is tunneled to a specific endpoint.