Fortinet FCP_FCT_AD-7.4 Fortinet NSE 6 - FortiClient EMS 7.4 Administrator Exam Practice Test

For adding user authentication to the ZTNA access for remote or off-fabric users, the following FortiGate feature is required in addition to ZTNA:

FortiGate explicit proxyallows FortiGate to intercept web traffic for authentication purposes.

ZTNA integrates with various FortiGate features to provide secure access and ensure that users are authenticated before accessing resources.

By using an explicit proxy, FortiGate can handle web traffic and enforce authentication policies for remote users who are not directly on the corporate network (off-fabric).

Thus, the correct feature to use for this requirement is the FortiGate explicit proxy.

References

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide, ZTNA and Proxy Configuration Sections

Fortinet Documentation on FortiGate Explicit Proxy and ZTNA Integration

The anti-exploit detection protects vulnerable endpoints from unknown exploit attacks. FortiClient monitors the behavior of popular applications, such as web browsers (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, Opera), Java/Flash plug-ins, Microsoft Office applications, and PDF readers, to detect exploits that use zero-day or unpatched vulnerabilities to infect the endpoint. Once detected, FortiClient terminates the compromised application process.

FortiClient provides comprehensive endpoint protection for your Windows-based, Mac-based, and Linuxbased desktops, laptops, file servers, and mobile devices such as iOS and Android. It helps you to safeguard your systems with advanced security technologies, all of which you can manage from a single management console.

Understanding the Need for Root CA Certificate:

The root CA certificate of FortiClient EMS is necessary for FortiGate to trust certificates issued by FortiClient EMS.

Evaluating Use Cases:

FortiGate needs the root CA certificate to establish trust and validate certificates issued by FortiClient EMS.

Conclusion:

The primary reason FortiGate needs the root CA certificate of FortiClient EMS is to trust certificates issued by FortiClient EMS.

The deployment service error message may be caused by any of the following. Try eliminating them all, one at a time.

1. Wrong username or password in the EMS profile

2. Endpoint is unreachable over the network

3. Task Scheduler service is not running

4. Remote Registry service is not running

5. Windows firewall is blocking connection

Understanding Multi-Tenancy Mode:

Multi-tenancy mode allows multiple independent sites or tenants to be managed from a single FortiClient EMS instance.

Evaluating Benefits:

Licenses can be shared among sites, making it cost-effective (B).

It provides granular access and segmentation, allowing for detailed control and separation between tenants (D).

Eliminating Incorrect Options:

Separate host servers managing each site (A) is not a feature of multi-tenancy mode.

The fabric connector's use of an IP address (C) is unrelated to multi-tenancy benefits.

Based on the Zero Trust Tagging Rule Set configuration shown in the exhibit:

The rule set includes two conditions:

AV Software is installed and running

OS Version is Windows Server 2012 R2 or Windows 10

The Rule Logic is specified as "(1 and 3) or 2," meaning:

The endpoint must have antivirus software installed and running and must be running Windows 10.

Alternatively, the endpoint must be running Windows Server 2012 R2.

Therefore, the endpoint must satisfy either:

Antivirus is installed and running and Windows 10 is running.

Windows Server 2012 R2 is running.

References

FortiClient EMS 7.2 Study Guide, Zero Trust Tagging Rule Set Configuration Section

Fortinet Documentation on Configuring Zero Trust Tagging Rules and Logic

Based on theFortiClient EMS 7.2/7.4 Administration Guideand the provided exhibit of theSystem Settings Profile, the expected behavior for an invalid certificate connection is determined by theInvalid Certificate Actionsetting.

1. Analysis of the Exhibit

Location:The exhibit shows theSystem Settings Profile(specifically the "Default" profile).

Setting:At the bottom under theEndpoint Controlsection, the fieldInvalid Certificate Actionis configured.

Selected Action:The dropdown forInvalid Certificate Actiondisplays awarning icon(an orange triangle with an exclamation mark). In the FortiClient EMS GUI, this specific icon corresponds to the"Warn"action.

2. Verified Behavior (Option C)

According to the curriculum documents regardingEndpoint Communication Security:

Warn Action Behavior:When theInvalid Certificate Actionis set toWarn, FortiClient is instructed to display a warning message to the end user if the EMS server certificate is untrusted, expired, or has a hostname mismatch.

User Prompt:The warning message explicitly asks the user whether they wish to proceed with the connection despite the security risk or terminate the attempt.

Connection Logic:If the user manually accepts the warning, FortiClient will establish the Telemetry connection and "remember" the certificate for future sessions to avoid repeated prompts for that specific server.

3. Why Other Options are Incorrect

A. FortiClient is blocked:This behavior only occurs if the administrator selects the"Deny"action in the profile.

B. Additional password required:The password field shown at the top of the exhibit is for"Require Password to Disconnect From EMS", which prevents users from manually unregistering, but it does not bypass or resolve certificate errors.

D. EMS pushes a valid certificate:EMS cannot "push" a valid identity certificate to resolve a failed TLS handshake; a valid certificate must be manually installed on the EMS server by the administrator.

Based on the FortiClient logs shown in the exhibit:

The first log entry shows the application "firefox.exe" trying to access a destination IP, with the threat identified as "Twitter."

The action taken by the application firewall is "blocked" with the event type "appfirewall."

This indicates that the application firewall has blocked access to Twitter.

References

FortiClient EMS 7.2 Study Guide, Application Firewall Logs Section

Fortinet Documentation on Interpreting FortiClient Logs

FortiClient offers several types of antivirus scans to ensure comprehensive protection:

Full scan:Scans the entire system for malware, including all files and directories.

Custom scan:Allows the user to specify particular files, directories, or drives to be scanned.

Quick scan:Scans the most commonly infected areas of the system, providing a faster scanning option.

These three types of scans provide flexibility and thoroughness in detecting and managing malware threats.

References

FortiClient EMS 7.2 Study Guide, Antivirus Scanning Options Section

Fortinet Documentation on Types of Antivirus Scans in FortiClient

According to theFortiClient EMS Administrator Study Guideand officialTechnical Tipsfrom Fortinet, when the web console is inaccessible (e.g., timing out), the administrator must use tools available directly on the server's operating system (CLI) to gather diagnostic information.

1. Why the CLI Diagnostic Tool (Answer A) is the Correct Choice:

Availability during Outage:When the GUI is unreachable, the standard "Generate Diagnostic Logs" option within the EMS interface is also unavailable.

Windows-based EMS:The administrator can manually run the EMSDiagnosticTool.exe located at C:\Program Files (x86)\Fortinet\FortiClientEMS\. This tool collects server information, Windows events, and EMS-specific logs into a compressed file for investigation.

Linux-based EMS (v7.4+):For newer versions running on Linux, the administrator can use the CLI command: sudo /opt/forticlientems/bin/diagnostic_tool -o /tmp/diag to generate a diagnostic package.

Service Verification:The CLI also allows administrators to verify if critical services (like fcems, apache2, or postgres) are running or if remote access has been disabled using the emscli utility.

2. Why Other Options are Incorrect:

B. Download webserver logs from PostgreSQL:PostgreSQL is the database engine for EMS, not the web server. While database logs are useful, they are not the primary method for gathering general "diagnostic information" and would typically be collected as part of the CLI diagnostic tool output rather than downloaded directly from the DB.

C. Diagnostic logs option from the GUI:This option is impossible to use if the administrator has lost web access and the page is timing out.

D. Download log generator from support site:While Fortinet provides various tools on their support site, theEMS Diagnostic Toolis natively installed with the FortiClient EMS software and is the primary, documented method for troubleshooting the EMS server itself.

Action On Virus Discovery Warn the User If a Process Attempts to Access Infected Files Quarantine Infected Files. You can use FortiClient to view, restore, or delete the quarantined file, as well as view the virus name, submit the file to FortiGuard, and view logs. Deny Access to Infected Files Ignore Infected Files

Block Malicious Website has nothing to do with infected files. Since Realtime Protection is OFF, it will be allowed without being scanned.

Based on the settings shown in the exhibit:

Realtime Protection:OFF

Dynamic Threat Detection:OFF

Block malicious websites:ON

Threats Detected:75

The "Realtime Protection" setting is crucial for preventing infected files from being downloaded and executed. Since "Realtime Protection" is OFF, FortiClient will not actively scan files being downloaded. The setting "Block malicious websites" is intended to prevent access to known malicious websites but does not scan files for infections.

Therefore, when a user tries to download an infected file, FortiClient will allow the file to download without scanning it due to the Realtime Protection being OFF.

References

FortiClient EMS 7.2 Study Guide, Antivirus Protection Section

Fortinet Documentation on FortiClient Real-time Protection Settings

Based on theFortiClient EMS 7.2/7.4 Administrator Study Guideand theFortiGuard Forensics Service User Guide, the forensics analysis feature is a specialized service that requires specific administrative actions and configuration.

1. The Administrator Must Request Analysis (Answer B)

Manual Initiation: Unlike standard Antivirus or Sandbox scans which occur automatically upon detection, theFortiGuard Forensics Analysisis a service-based investigation.

Workflow: Once a threat is detected or a device is suspected of being compromised, the administrator must navigate to theEndpointspane, select the specific device, and click theRequest Analysisbutton.

Escalation: The administrator then fills out a questionnaire (providing the reason for escalation and issue summary) to submit the logs to the FortiGuard Labs forensic team for manual review.

2. Forensics Features Must be Enabled in the Profile (Answer D)

Two-Step Enabling:

Global Level: First, the feature must be toggled on underSystem Settings > Feature Select > FortiGuard Forensics Analysis.

Profile Level: Crucially, it must be enabled within theEndpoint Profile(specifically underSystem Settings) that is applied to the target endpoints.

Agent Deployment: Toggling this in the profile ensures the FortiClient endpoint prepares the "forensics agent" components required to collect deep-system data (such as the Master File Table, Windows Event Logs, and registry hives) when a request is eventually made.

3. Why Other Options are Incorrect

A. FortiClient sends an alert notification: While FortiClient does send alerts for malicious activity, this is part of the standardEndpoint ControlandMalware Protectionmodules. Theforensics analysisitself is the follow-up investigation performed after such an alert is received and reviewed by an admin.

C. The endpoint is quarantined until completed: Although it is a security "Best Practice" to quarantine a compromised endpoint during an investigation, the forensics analysis process does not programmatically force or require a quarantine state to function. The forensics agent can collect logs from an online, non-quarantined device as long as it has EMS connectivity.

Understanding FortiClient Features:

FortiClient endpoint security includes several features aimed at protecting and managing endpoints.

Evaluating Feature Set:

Vulnerability management is a key feature of FortiClient, helping to identify and address vulnerabilities (B).

IPsec is supported for secure VPN connections (D).

Real-time protection is crucial for detecting and preventing threats in real-time (E).

Eliminating Incorrect Options:

Data Loss Prevention (DLP) (A) is typically managed by FortiGate or FortiMail.

L2TP (C) is a protocol used for VPNs but is not specifically a feature of FortiClient endpoint security.

Understanding ZTNA:

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) requires defining tags for identifying and managing endpoint access.

Evaluating Components:

FortiClient EMS is responsible for managing and defining ZTNA tag information within the Security Fabric.

Conclusion:

The correct component that defines ZTNA tag information in the Security Fabric integration is FortiClient EMS.

Based on theFortiClient EMS Administrator Study GuideregardingWeb Filtertroubleshooting and the specific log entries provided in the exhibit, the reason the user cannot access the website is due to connectivity issues with FortiGuard.

1. Analysis of the FortiClient Logs:

The Error Message:The logs show multiple [ERROR] entries stating: rating_db:97 Category query failure: failed to UrlRequestSendReceive.

Root Cause Identity:The log explicitly describes the failure: receiveResponse error: FortiGuard server down, task dropped, https bbc.com.

Resulting Action:Because the endpoint could not receive a rating from the FortiGuard servers, the Web Filter module recorded rating: -1 and applied the action WF_ACTION_BLOCK.

2. Why Option C is Correct:

FortiGuard Dependency:FortiClient’s Web Filter module relies on real-time queries to FortiGuard distribution servers to categorize URLs. If the endpoint is behind a firewall blocking FortiGuard ports (typically UDP 53 or 8888, or HTTPS 443) or has no internet path to these servers, it cannot categorize the site.

Fail-Safe Behavior:In many FortiClient configurations, if a rating cannot be obtained (Category query failure), the default security posture is to block the request to ensure no potentially malicious or unrated "Unknown" sites are accessed. The logs confirm this by showing the "FortiGuard server down" message immediately followed by the block action.

3. Why Other Options are Incorrect:

A. The URL is blocked by the web filter endpoint profile:If it were a standard profile block, the log would show a specificCategory ID(e.g., Category 52 for News and Media) being blocked by policy. Instead, it shows arating failure (-1).

B. The endpoint cannot resolve the URL FQDN:The logs show the process correctly identifies host bbc.com. If DNS had failed, the proxy wouldn't even reach the stage of attempting a FortiGuard category query for that specific URL.

D. The application firewall is blocking Google Chrome:While the log mentions /opt/google/chrome/chrome, the error is generated by the rating_db and proxy components of the Web Filter, not the Application Firewall module.

According to theFortiClient EMS Administrator Study Guideand theFortinet Document Library (7.2/7.4 versions), the most effective method for deploying FortiClient toBYOD (Bring Your Own Device)andremote usersis usingMicrosoft Intune(or other supported Mobile Device Management - MDM solutions).

1. Why Microsoft Intune (Answer C) is the Correct Choice:

Cloud-Based Accessibility:Unlike GPO or SCCM, which traditionally require a direct connection to the local Active Directory (AD) domain or a VPN to reach the on-premises infrastructure, Microsoft Intune is a cloud-based MDM. This makes it the native choice forremote userswho may not always be on the corporate network.

BYOD Management:Intune is specifically designed to manage a variety of operating systems (Windows, macOS, iOS, Android) that are common in BYOD environments. It allows administrators to push the FortiClient installation package and enrollment configuration (such as the invitation_code or ems_server details) directly to the user's device via the cloud.

Integration with EMS:FortiClient EMS 7.2/7.4 provides specific documentation forIntune Integration. Administrators can create a custom MSI or .pkg installer in EMS, upload it to Intune, and use Intune’s app configuration policies to automate the Telemetry connection to EMS.

2. Why Other Options are Incorrect for this Scenario:

A. FortiClient zero-touch provisioning:While FortiClient supports zero-touch provisioning (particularly for mobile or through FortiCloud), in the context of a "deployment tool" for an organization's broad BYOD and remote fleet, it is typically afeatureorprocessfacilitated by an MDM like Intune rather than the standalone deployment mechanism for the initial software package on third-party remote devices.

B. Microsoft SCCM:SCCM (now part of Microsoft Configuration Manager) is heavily reliant on on-premises infrastructure and is generally used for corporate-owned, domain-joined devices. It is less flexible than Intune for managing "unmanaged" BYOD devices belonging to remote users.

D. Group Policy Object (GPO):GPO requires the device to be joined to theActive Directory (AD) Domain. BYOD devices are typically not domain-joined, and remote devices cannot receive GPO updates unless they are connected via VPN at the time of the policy refresh, making it unsuitable for this specific use case.

3. Curriculum References:

EMS Administration Guide (Deployment Section):Specifies that for endpoints not reachable via AD/Workgroups (which covers remote and BYOD), administrators should use theInstaller Linkmethod or anMDM (like Microsoft Intune).

Intune Deployment Guide for FortiClient:Detail the specific use ofConfiguration Keys(e.g., cloud_invite_code, ems_server) that are passed from Intune to the FortiClient app to ensure that once the remote user installs the app, it automatically registers to the correct EMS instance.

FortiClient communicates directly with FortiClient EMS to continuously share device status information through ZTNA telemetry.